Catching up a movie with dear ones or friends is full of fun and entertainment. Hundreds of movies a year see the light of the day in different parts of the globe. Not every movie is for everyone. Movies are of different genres – romantic, thriller, comedy, fiction, documentary and action. You cannot suck pleasure out of a romantic classic in company of the elders of your family. Watching an action movie with your beloved is surely not an entertaining experience. Likewise, watching a fiction or documentary with kids will spoil your mood for fun. Catch up kids movies with kids to make the most of your day.
Kids movies were never independent of global entertainment. With the recent evolution in the animation industry, movies for kids have got new definition and dimension. To see the market of kid movies sky-rocketing, producers from across the globe are zeroing in on the making of movies for kids. The latest success of animated movies for children at the international box office has drawn investment from all over into making kids movies. Here are a few of the best animated movies of all time for kids.
The Wizard of Oz is a fantasy film of musical genre that had seen the light of the day in the year of 1939. It is a cinematic adaptation of a novel with the same name from L. Frank Baum's literary repertoire. One of the mostly remembered kids movies; it was directed by Victor Fleming.
Superman, a cinematic magnum opus in the year of 1978, has its plot centered on a superhero from DC comics. Directed by Richard Donner, the movie is starred by Christopher Reeve as the superman. Superman is one of the most popular kids movies that have ever been made.
One of the best animated kids movies, The Lion King is a great Disney movie from the year of 1994. A production of Walt Disney Animation Studios, The Lion King is a high grossing film. The plot of the movie is based on the Biblical stories and William Shakespeare's Hamlet. This unforgettable cinematic creation has bagged a Golden Globe Award as well as two Academy awards.
A watch worthy production of Blue Sky Studios in 2002, Ice Age is a computer-animated film. Directed by Carlos Saldanha and Christ Wedge, the story of this kid movie moves around three animals – a smilodon, a sloth and a mammoth from the Paleolithic age. The lifelike portrayal of the animals has categorized this movie under the best kids movies.
The series of Harry Potter movies, adapted from the novels by J.K. Rowling is a fascination with children of all ages. The first three films from the series - 'Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone', ‘Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets' and 'Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban' are exclusively categorized as kids movies.
A computer-Animated movie, Finding Nemo is a 2003 blockbuster. The story of the movie, a great production from Pixar Animation Studios, was penned by Andrew Stanton. Directed by Lee Unkirch and Mr. Stanton, this kid movie was honored with the ‘Academy Award for Best Animated Feature'. Nowadays, all of these movies dvds are available all over. You can spend quality time with your kids while watching any of these kids movies during leisurely hours at home.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/watching-kids-movies-is-good-to-spend-quality-time-with-kids-2916917.html#ixzz0uzV9Zq4i
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Rabu, 28 Juli 2010
Make Money Online - Taking Advantage Of Affiliate Programs To Make Money Online
If you want to make money over the Internet quickly, your best bet would be to get into
online selling. However, people that are new to selling will realize how much preparation
is needed to drive sales. You must set up a website that contains the products and design
some banner ads which will serve as gateways to the site. You must also familiarize
yourself with the many sites and services that make selling easier or expand your options
such as online auctioning. On top of that, you need to have adequate stock of whatever
you are selling unless it is a digital item. Taking advantage of affiliate programs is a
worthy alternative to direct product selling.
Why Affiliate Marketing is a Good Solution
Even if you have no knowledge in general marketing, affiliate marketing is quite easy to
grasp. It involves you looking for an online company that offers an affiliate program.
Companies set up affiliate programs if they offer interesting products and services that
need more attention. In addition to using their own marketing teams, companies rely on
registered affiliates to spread the word of the company's existence.
The same Internet marketing techniques used for direct selling can be used for affiliate
marketing. The difference is that many affiliates provide some useful resources for those
that are new to marketing to get involved. These resources can come in the form of free
graphics such as banner ads and website templates as well as comprehensive tutorials that
highlight basic Internet marketing tips to help people make money online.
As long as the individual purchased a product or service plan from your affiliate through
your unique affiliate link, you will earn a certain percentage of the sales. This may
seem disadvantageous compared to direct selling of your own products, but you avoid the
problems of having available supplies and you do not even need to buy the products
beforehand. Most affiliate programs are free to join so there is very little investment
needed to get started.
Getting Started
With so many affiliate programs available online today, it helps greatly to take the time
to analyze these programs and see if there is potential for you to market the affiliate
to their target market with your current resources and skills. If you do not possess
these resources and skills, you need to see exactly what you get from registering in the
affiliate program. You may spot some interesting details just by reading the Terms of
Agreement before joining. Don't forget to check their payment plans and payment methods
too so you can plan your income path.
online selling. However, people that are new to selling will realize how much preparation
is needed to drive sales. You must set up a website that contains the products and design
some banner ads which will serve as gateways to the site. You must also familiarize
yourself with the many sites and services that make selling easier or expand your options
such as online auctioning. On top of that, you need to have adequate stock of whatever
you are selling unless it is a digital item. Taking advantage of affiliate programs is a
worthy alternative to direct product selling.
Why Affiliate Marketing is a Good Solution
Even if you have no knowledge in general marketing, affiliate marketing is quite easy to
grasp. It involves you looking for an online company that offers an affiliate program.
Companies set up affiliate programs if they offer interesting products and services that
need more attention. In addition to using their own marketing teams, companies rely on
registered affiliates to spread the word of the company's existence.
The same Internet marketing techniques used for direct selling can be used for affiliate
marketing. The difference is that many affiliates provide some useful resources for those
that are new to marketing to get involved. These resources can come in the form of free
graphics such as banner ads and website templates as well as comprehensive tutorials that
highlight basic Internet marketing tips to help people make money online.
As long as the individual purchased a product or service plan from your affiliate through
your unique affiliate link, you will earn a certain percentage of the sales. This may
seem disadvantageous compared to direct selling of your own products, but you avoid the
problems of having available supplies and you do not even need to buy the products
beforehand. Most affiliate programs are free to join so there is very little investment
needed to get started.
Getting Started
With so many affiliate programs available online today, it helps greatly to take the time
to analyze these programs and see if there is potential for you to market the affiliate
to their target market with your current resources and skills. If you do not possess
these resources and skills, you need to see exactly what you get from registering in the
affiliate program. You may spot some interesting details just by reading the Terms of
Agreement before joining. Don't forget to check their payment plans and payment methods
too so you can plan your income path.
Get online and easy appraiser as per your need
Anytime you buy or sell real estate, you need a real estate appraiser. The primary purpose is to find out exactly how much your property is worth. Banks and similar lending companies also require it, before a buyer can obtain a mortgage.
A real estate appraiser develops an "educated and trained opinion" on the value of the property. It also, in some circumstances, may ascertain the best use of the property, garnering the best selling price. For example, a long-time residential property may be in an area that has been rezoned for limited commerce, which could potentially bring in a higher sales price than marketing the real estate to potential residential buyers.
An appraiser differs from an inspector, who is looking for things that need to be corrected, repaired or replaced — things that are required by law to be completed before the property can be sold or to enhance your sale price. Though an appraiser will look at these same things, he/she is only interested in developing the value of the property.
A real estate appraiser is based on the highest and best use of real property — what use of the property will produce the highest possible value? The final appraisal must be both profitable and probable.
The real estate appraisal includes a definition of the type of value that is being developed — whether it is a market value (what most sellers need), a condemnation value, quick sale value, and so on.
In the process an appraiser looks at each property individually, beginning with an objective inspection of the interior and exterior of the home or building, as well as driving through the surrounding neighborhood. The appraiser looks for the assets, as well as the detriments, of the property. For homes, gross living space, quality of construction, location, layout, the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, the lot size, condition of the home and land, central air conditioning, landscaping, number of fireplaces or the lack thereof, decks, pool, fencing, recent renovations, amenities provided by the surrounding neighborhood, and crime statistics of the area are all considered by the real estate appraiser.
Living space is calculated by measuring the outside of the home. It does not include such areas as the garage, porches, sheds, and so on. Basements are generally calculated separately from the living space. The contributory value of basements is determined by the local market, government regulation, if it is finished or not (and the quality of the finish), and so on.
The real estate appraiser usually only considers permanent buildings within his/her appraisal. Fixtures that can be relocated, such as above ground pools and sheds, are not included in the appraisal.
If you are the real estate seller, you should point out any features, amenities or improvements of your home that are not readily discernable.
Next, the real estate appraiser analyzes the available market data for your area and the surrounding neighborhood, including current and historical comparable sales, current offers for comparable homes, pending sales, and proposed improvements. The appraiser gathers data from a variety of sources, as well as his/her own personal knowledge of the local market. The appraiser then compares your real estate to the broader market.
Each real estate appraiser has his/her own process of analyzing, collecting and reconciling the needed appraisal data. If you get five different appraisals for your real estate, you may receive five different appraisal opinions. They should, however, all be within a similar value range, if they are completed within the same timeframe and under the same conditions.
For the highest appraisal possible, real estate sellers should have an inspection and appraisal done before putting the property on the market. First, the inspection in order to make any needed repairsor renovations. Then, get the appraisal to ensure you are getting the most for your real estate.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/get-online-and-easy-appraiser-as-per-your-need-2917003.html#ixzz0uzUiTerT
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
A real estate appraiser develops an "educated and trained opinion" on the value of the property. It also, in some circumstances, may ascertain the best use of the property, garnering the best selling price. For example, a long-time residential property may be in an area that has been rezoned for limited commerce, which could potentially bring in a higher sales price than marketing the real estate to potential residential buyers.
An appraiser differs from an inspector, who is looking for things that need to be corrected, repaired or replaced — things that are required by law to be completed before the property can be sold or to enhance your sale price. Though an appraiser will look at these same things, he/she is only interested in developing the value of the property.
A real estate appraiser is based on the highest and best use of real property — what use of the property will produce the highest possible value? The final appraisal must be both profitable and probable.
The real estate appraisal includes a definition of the type of value that is being developed — whether it is a market value (what most sellers need), a condemnation value, quick sale value, and so on.
In the process an appraiser looks at each property individually, beginning with an objective inspection of the interior and exterior of the home or building, as well as driving through the surrounding neighborhood. The appraiser looks for the assets, as well as the detriments, of the property. For homes, gross living space, quality of construction, location, layout, the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, the lot size, condition of the home and land, central air conditioning, landscaping, number of fireplaces or the lack thereof, decks, pool, fencing, recent renovations, amenities provided by the surrounding neighborhood, and crime statistics of the area are all considered by the real estate appraiser.
Living space is calculated by measuring the outside of the home. It does not include such areas as the garage, porches, sheds, and so on. Basements are generally calculated separately from the living space. The contributory value of basements is determined by the local market, government regulation, if it is finished or not (and the quality of the finish), and so on.
The real estate appraiser usually only considers permanent buildings within his/her appraisal. Fixtures that can be relocated, such as above ground pools and sheds, are not included in the appraisal.
If you are the real estate seller, you should point out any features, amenities or improvements of your home that are not readily discernable.
Next, the real estate appraiser analyzes the available market data for your area and the surrounding neighborhood, including current and historical comparable sales, current offers for comparable homes, pending sales, and proposed improvements. The appraiser gathers data from a variety of sources, as well as his/her own personal knowledge of the local market. The appraiser then compares your real estate to the broader market.
Each real estate appraiser has his/her own process of analyzing, collecting and reconciling the needed appraisal data. If you get five different appraisals for your real estate, you may receive five different appraisal opinions. They should, however, all be within a similar value range, if they are completed within the same timeframe and under the same conditions.
For the highest appraisal possible, real estate sellers should have an inspection and appraisal done before putting the property on the market. First, the inspection in order to make any needed repairsor renovations. Then, get the appraisal to ensure you are getting the most for your real estate.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/get-online-and-easy-appraiser-as-per-your-need-2917003.html#ixzz0uzUiTerT
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Use your imagination here, your "vision" might be different than this one, but you'll get the point
*Use your imagination here, your "vision" might be different than this one, but you'll get the point.*
*What would it be like?*
First, you wake up on your own schedule, or because the sun is shining in on your face through the window, not because your alarm is going off.
You sit for some breakfast with your spouse before heading to the gym
for a quick workout. On the way home, you stop at the full service car wash and read the local paper while someone else does the dirty work, and you're not worried about the 7 cars ahead of you because nobody is telling you what time you have to be at a desk.
You get home and shower, and put on some comfortable clothes. It's
11:00 am now, and you decide to get to work. First, you check your email. Your inbox is full of notices showing you the people who have joined your GDI business, and some questions from new members who are ready to get started with you…
That's What Its Like!
one factor that makes GDI the most powerful opportunity in network marketing history is that EVERYONE can try it FREE - including you!
You'll have 7 full days to check out what we have to offer you. You can try out our product by building your own web site at your own domain name, and even try our business opportunity, FREE.
This is unheard of in our industry, but we're doing it because we know that after you've learned more about GDI, you'll want to remain with us.
You can go here to register your domain and build your web site RIGHT NOW! For FREE!
I'm so confident that I can help you make money fast, that if this system that I'm recommending to you doesn't do everything I say it does and more, or if you're unhappy with our product for any reason, you can cancel your account and you'll never be charged a penny.
Isn't it worth 5 minutes of your time to check out this potentially life changing opportunity right now?
Get started now! If you keep doing what you're doing now, you'll keep getting what you're getting now. Nothing changes, if nothing changes!
"The masses of people lead lives of quiet desperation,
because they lack a sound plan
through which to accumulate a fortune."
this is YOUR PLAN. Let me help you put it into ACTION.
Email or call me if you have any questions. I look forward to seeing you on my team and helping you get started very soon. Once you begin working with me, I'm quite confident you'll never look back.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/use-your-imagination-here-your-vision-might-be-different-than-this-one-but-youll-get-the-point-2917163.html#ixzz0uzTvZez8
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
*What would it be like?*
First, you wake up on your own schedule, or because the sun is shining in on your face through the window, not because your alarm is going off.
You sit for some breakfast with your spouse before heading to the gym
for a quick workout. On the way home, you stop at the full service car wash and read the local paper while someone else does the dirty work, and you're not worried about the 7 cars ahead of you because nobody is telling you what time you have to be at a desk.
You get home and shower, and put on some comfortable clothes. It's
11:00 am now, and you decide to get to work. First, you check your email. Your inbox is full of notices showing you the people who have joined your GDI business, and some questions from new members who are ready to get started with you…
That's What Its Like!
one factor that makes GDI the most powerful opportunity in network marketing history is that EVERYONE can try it FREE - including you!
You'll have 7 full days to check out what we have to offer you. You can try out our product by building your own web site at your own domain name, and even try our business opportunity, FREE.
This is unheard of in our industry, but we're doing it because we know that after you've learned more about GDI, you'll want to remain with us.
You can go here to register your domain and build your web site RIGHT NOW! For FREE!
I'm so confident that I can help you make money fast, that if this system that I'm recommending to you doesn't do everything I say it does and more, or if you're unhappy with our product for any reason, you can cancel your account and you'll never be charged a penny.
Isn't it worth 5 minutes of your time to check out this potentially life changing opportunity right now?
Get started now! If you keep doing what you're doing now, you'll keep getting what you're getting now. Nothing changes, if nothing changes!
"The masses of people lead lives of quiet desperation,
because they lack a sound plan
through which to accumulate a fortune."
this is YOUR PLAN. Let me help you put it into ACTION.
Email or call me if you have any questions. I look forward to seeing you on my team and helping you get started very soon. Once you begin working with me, I'm quite confident you'll never look back.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/use-your-imagination-here-your-vision-might-be-different-than-this-one-but-youll-get-the-point-2917163.html#ixzz0uzTvZez8
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Use your imagination here, your "vision" might be different than this one, but you'll get the point
*Use your imagination here, your "vision" might be different than this one, but you'll get the point.*
*What would it be like?*
First, you wake up on your own schedule, or because the sun is shining in on your face through the window, not because your alarm is going off.
You sit for some breakfast with your spouse before heading to the gym
for a quick workout. On the way home, you stop at the full service car wash and read the local paper while someone else does the dirty work, and you're not worried about the 7 cars ahead of you because nobody is telling you what time you have to be at a desk.
You get home and shower, and put on some comfortable clothes. It's
11:00 am now, and you decide to get to work. First, you check your email. Your inbox is full of notices showing you the people who have joined your GDI business, and some questions from new members who are ready to get started with you…
That's What Its Like!
one factor that makes GDI the most powerful opportunity in network marketing history is that EVERYONE can try it FREE - including you!
You'll have 7 full days to check out what we have to offer you. You can try out our product by building your own web site at your own domain name, and even try our business opportunity, FREE.
This is unheard of in our industry, but we're doing it because we know that after you've learned more about GDI, you'll want to remain with us.
You can go here to register your domain and build your web site RIGHT NOW! For FREE!
I'm so confident that I can help you make money fast, that if this system that I'm recommending to you doesn't do everything I say it does and more, or if you're unhappy with our product for any reason, you can cancel your account and you'll never be charged a penny.
Isn't it worth 5 minutes of your time to check out this potentially life changing opportunity right now?
Get started now! If you keep doing what you're doing now, you'll keep getting what you're getting now. Nothing changes, if nothing changes!
"The masses of people lead lives of quiet desperation,
because they lack a sound plan
through which to accumulate a fortune."
this is YOUR PLAN. Let me help you put it into ACTION.
Email or call me if you have any questions. I look forward to seeing you on my team and helping you get started very soon. Once you begin working with me, I'm quite confident you'll never look back.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/use-your-imagination-here-your-vision-might-be-different-than-this-one-but-youll-get-the-point-2917168.html#ixzz0uzTjKB21
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
*What would it be like?*
First, you wake up on your own schedule, or because the sun is shining in on your face through the window, not because your alarm is going off.
You sit for some breakfast with your spouse before heading to the gym
for a quick workout. On the way home, you stop at the full service car wash and read the local paper while someone else does the dirty work, and you're not worried about the 7 cars ahead of you because nobody is telling you what time you have to be at a desk.
You get home and shower, and put on some comfortable clothes. It's
11:00 am now, and you decide to get to work. First, you check your email. Your inbox is full of notices showing you the people who have joined your GDI business, and some questions from new members who are ready to get started with you…
That's What Its Like!
one factor that makes GDI the most powerful opportunity in network marketing history is that EVERYONE can try it FREE - including you!
You'll have 7 full days to check out what we have to offer you. You can try out our product by building your own web site at your own domain name, and even try our business opportunity, FREE.
This is unheard of in our industry, but we're doing it because we know that after you've learned more about GDI, you'll want to remain with us.
You can go here to register your domain and build your web site RIGHT NOW! For FREE!
I'm so confident that I can help you make money fast, that if this system that I'm recommending to you doesn't do everything I say it does and more, or if you're unhappy with our product for any reason, you can cancel your account and you'll never be charged a penny.
Isn't it worth 5 minutes of your time to check out this potentially life changing opportunity right now?
Get started now! If you keep doing what you're doing now, you'll keep getting what you're getting now. Nothing changes, if nothing changes!
"The masses of people lead lives of quiet desperation,
because they lack a sound plan
through which to accumulate a fortune."
this is YOUR PLAN. Let me help you put it into ACTION.
Email or call me if you have any questions. I look forward to seeing you on my team and helping you get started very soon. Once you begin working with me, I'm quite confident you'll never look back.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/use-your-imagination-here-your-vision-might-be-different-than-this-one-but-youll-get-the-point-2917168.html#ixzz0uzTjKB21
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Boxes Printing
Latest development in boxes printing industry made it possible to apply digital color printing techniques on your boxes that give an extra standout to your business. Boxes printing may involve a single color or full color process on the material of your own choice.
There is a stiff competition among boxes printing companies and many online printing companies offer you the chance to get a free quote for your boxes printing. These printing companies are expert in their job however you can discuss with them the colors, content and logo that should appear on your boxes.
The presentation of a gift is a way to express what you never say plainly. You want to give a unique look to your gift with the addition of few decorative things to it. After finding the perfect gift, you want to give finishing touch to that gift and gift boxes are very fine to wrap your gift in a beautiful manner. The beautiful gift boxes show the great affection for your beloved ones. There is a wider range of packing boxes with attractive prints are available on online shopping centers. The packaging boxes along with ribbons and bows give the most additional look to your gifts as you can wrap gift items in beautiful manner. You go to the marketplace; you can find the empty gift boxes of different styles, shapes and sizes. You can choose multiple gift accessories to wrap your gift in the most attractive manner.
The cardboard boxes are printed in the most delicate designs according to the type of gifts what kind of gift you want to present on the particular occasion. The moving boxes give a fantastic look to your gift, communicating your feelings of love or appreciation for the loved ones. The packaging boxes with gorgeous printing designs influence the individual to whom you are presenting the gift. If you are service provider of packaging industry, you have to manufacture the shipping boxes in order to suffice the needs of your customers in impressive way. The shipping boxes are used for transferring the manufacturing products from one place to another in the safest way. The window boxes are also designed fantastically to ensure the most appealing appearance of your gifts.
Whatever kind of products you are selling, reasonable packaging of storage boxes is very appropriate to boost up your business. If you charge a bit highly for your products, the customers will not mind to pay such high charges due to the fine-quality of packing boxes. If you are in need of gift wraps, you can buy our stylish gift boxes wholesale bumper sticker printing services according to the theme of gift and personal moods or tastes and preferences of the recipients.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/boxes-printing-2917381.html#ixzz0uzTVbNdi
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
There is a stiff competition among boxes printing companies and many online printing companies offer you the chance to get a free quote for your boxes printing. These printing companies are expert in their job however you can discuss with them the colors, content and logo that should appear on your boxes.
The presentation of a gift is a way to express what you never say plainly. You want to give a unique look to your gift with the addition of few decorative things to it. After finding the perfect gift, you want to give finishing touch to that gift and gift boxes are very fine to wrap your gift in a beautiful manner. The beautiful gift boxes show the great affection for your beloved ones. There is a wider range of packing boxes with attractive prints are available on online shopping centers. The packaging boxes along with ribbons and bows give the most additional look to your gifts as you can wrap gift items in beautiful manner. You go to the marketplace; you can find the empty gift boxes of different styles, shapes and sizes. You can choose multiple gift accessories to wrap your gift in the most attractive manner.
The cardboard boxes are printed in the most delicate designs according to the type of gifts what kind of gift you want to present on the particular occasion. The moving boxes give a fantastic look to your gift, communicating your feelings of love or appreciation for the loved ones. The packaging boxes with gorgeous printing designs influence the individual to whom you are presenting the gift. If you are service provider of packaging industry, you have to manufacture the shipping boxes in order to suffice the needs of your customers in impressive way. The shipping boxes are used for transferring the manufacturing products from one place to another in the safest way. The window boxes are also designed fantastically to ensure the most appealing appearance of your gifts.
Whatever kind of products you are selling, reasonable packaging of storage boxes is very appropriate to boost up your business. If you charge a bit highly for your products, the customers will not mind to pay such high charges due to the fine-quality of packing boxes. If you are in need of gift wraps, you can buy our stylish gift boxes wholesale bumper sticker printing services according to the theme of gift and personal moods or tastes and preferences of the recipients.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/boxes-printing-2917381.html#ixzz0uzTVbNdi
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Using Business Stationery To Promote Your New Business
It is very important to promote new businesses in order attract customers and generate sales. Business Stationery acts as a primary tool for promotion of any businesses. Business stationery helps business (small, medium or large) in building brand recognition, which is the first step of business promotion. A unique logo and a website (to represent the business online) are the prerequisites for a business.
Company letterhead, business cards, postcards, product brochures, posters, door hangers, rack cards, envelopes and flyers (which are among the most important stationery materials for a business) create awareness about the brand and the products & services being offered.
How To Use Business Stationery For Business Promotion
It is very important to handle the promotional campaigns for a brand, products or services strategically. Failing to do this, business owners may not be able to get expected benefits from a promotion campaign.
So, the question is, "how to use business stationery for effective brand promotion?" Well, the answer depends upon various factors like; the type of products or services being offered, the targeted customer segment, as well as the type of market. However, some of the common ways of for promoting a business can be as following:
Create Brand Awareness – It is very important to create brand awareness. For that promoters should follow traditional brand building ideas using billboards, hangers, and flyers with brief information about the company and its vision. At this stage, promoting products or services should be avoided. Just create brand recognition, once the targeted customers are familiar with brand they can easily associate themselves with the products or services in future.
Advertise Your Products or Services – The promotion of products and services should be similar to brand building campaigns. For product or service advertisements, billboards, hangers, and flyers should have important information about the product along with a good quality image of product. However, the best way to introduce any product in front of the world can be during a trade fair. This is the time when the products can get instant popularity and unexpected media coverage.
Build Partnerships – Depending upon the type of business, entrepreneurs should focus on building partnership. If they are planning to sell their products or services through their website, they should focus over online promotion of their website or building affiliate partnership.
However, if the plan is to reach customers physically, then the focus should be on creating partnership with retailers or distributors. The best time to do this is during product launch. Handout business cards and product brochures to other entrepreneurs or marketing personals present at trade fair.
Apart from these tips taking help of some advertising agency also helps a lot. Although following aforementioned strategies using business stationery is a good way of starting new business promotion.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/using-business-stationery-to-promote-your-new-business-2917420.html#ixzz0uzTLeZHg
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Company letterhead, business cards, postcards, product brochures, posters, door hangers, rack cards, envelopes and flyers (which are among the most important stationery materials for a business) create awareness about the brand and the products & services being offered.
How To Use Business Stationery For Business Promotion
It is very important to handle the promotional campaigns for a brand, products or services strategically. Failing to do this, business owners may not be able to get expected benefits from a promotion campaign.
So, the question is, "how to use business stationery for effective brand promotion?" Well, the answer depends upon various factors like; the type of products or services being offered, the targeted customer segment, as well as the type of market. However, some of the common ways of for promoting a business can be as following:
Create Brand Awareness – It is very important to create brand awareness. For that promoters should follow traditional brand building ideas using billboards, hangers, and flyers with brief information about the company and its vision. At this stage, promoting products or services should be avoided. Just create brand recognition, once the targeted customers are familiar with brand they can easily associate themselves with the products or services in future.
Advertise Your Products or Services – The promotion of products and services should be similar to brand building campaigns. For product or service advertisements, billboards, hangers, and flyers should have important information about the product along with a good quality image of product. However, the best way to introduce any product in front of the world can be during a trade fair. This is the time when the products can get instant popularity and unexpected media coverage.
Build Partnerships – Depending upon the type of business, entrepreneurs should focus on building partnership. If they are planning to sell their products or services through their website, they should focus over online promotion of their website or building affiliate partnership.
However, if the plan is to reach customers physically, then the focus should be on creating partnership with retailers or distributors. The best time to do this is during product launch. Handout business cards and product brochures to other entrepreneurs or marketing personals present at trade fair.
Apart from these tips taking help of some advertising agency also helps a lot. Although following aforementioned strategies using business stationery is a good way of starting new business promotion.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/using-business-stationery-to-promote-your-new-business-2917420.html#ixzz0uzTLeZHg
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Put Your Miles to Work With Vehicle Advertising
Sign makers are always searching for innovative ways to help you get better mileage for your advertising. Speaking of which, how often do you drive your vehicle? If you're like the typical American, you are traveling about fifteen thousand miles a year.
You may as well put those miles to work for you by advertising your business on your vehicle!
I'm sure you have seen advertising on vehicles before. It's a simple recipe, really, and with the right ingredients you can get a vehicle with a gourmet look for the cost of a home-cooked meal.
How do you want to use your sign? Do you want to be able to move it from car to car? If so, consider magnetic signs. Unlike signs of the past, advances in material will no longer harm your paintjob. Scratch*Guard Magnetics Signs are my preferred ingredient because they don't scratch the paint or cause annoying rust spots.
If you do not apply them properly, your magnetic sign will fly off, just like flour flying out of the mixer. Be sure to apply it to a smooth surface so air cannot flow under the sign. And if you're had an accident or two and your car has too much plastic body filler (like Bondo), then the signs won't stick well either.
If you're looking for a more permanent solution, consider vinyl lettering. This semi-permanent solution is simple to apply and can be used on any surface of your vehicle. The lettering can last seven to ten years and can be removed if you want to sell the vehicle or if you simply do not want any graphics on it anymore.
When buying vinyl lettering, be sure to ask for high-performance vinyl. It lasts several times longer than the intermediate level of vinyl, and the small additional cost easily pays itself off and more.
Installing it is as easy as boiling a pot of water. Our letters and graphics come as 1 big sheet with everything already in place. All you have to do is:
1. Pre-position the sheet where you want the vinyl to be applied
2. Peel back the under-coating to expose the sticky side of the vinyl
3. Use a plastic putty knife to smooth on the vinyl graphics and letters
4. Remove top sheet and see the professional results!
You may as well put those miles to work for you by advertising your business on your vehicle!
I'm sure you have seen advertising on vehicles before. It's a simple recipe, really, and with the right ingredients you can get a vehicle with a gourmet look for the cost of a home-cooked meal.
How do you want to use your sign? Do you want to be able to move it from car to car? If so, consider magnetic signs. Unlike signs of the past, advances in material will no longer harm your paintjob. Scratch*Guard Magnetics Signs are my preferred ingredient because they don't scratch the paint or cause annoying rust spots.
If you do not apply them properly, your magnetic sign will fly off, just like flour flying out of the mixer. Be sure to apply it to a smooth surface so air cannot flow under the sign. And if you're had an accident or two and your car has too much plastic body filler (like Bondo), then the signs won't stick well either.
If you're looking for a more permanent solution, consider vinyl lettering. This semi-permanent solution is simple to apply and can be used on any surface of your vehicle. The lettering can last seven to ten years and can be removed if you want to sell the vehicle or if you simply do not want any graphics on it anymore.
When buying vinyl lettering, be sure to ask for high-performance vinyl. It lasts several times longer than the intermediate level of vinyl, and the small additional cost easily pays itself off and more.
Installing it is as easy as boiling a pot of water. Our letters and graphics come as 1 big sheet with everything already in place. All you have to do is:
1. Pre-position the sheet where you want the vinyl to be applied
2. Peel back the under-coating to expose the sticky side of the vinyl
3. Use a plastic putty knife to smooth on the vinyl graphics and letters
4. Remove top sheet and see the professional results!
Jumat, 23 Juli 2010
Saudi Arabia parcel delivery- from west to east in no time
Saudi Arabia is the largest Arab country in the Middle East with a population of around 28 million and with all those people and over two million square kilometres of land it's no wonder that the country is prosperous and produces business people that add knowledge and skills to the global workforce. The Saudi Arabian economy relies heavily on the oil industry, with 90 per cent of its export earnings coming from this resource and it makes up 45 per cent of Saudi Arabia's gross domestic product.
Business leaders and politicians have realised that in order to continue growing the economy at the fast rate that they are currently enjoying that they need to diversify their revenue
streams. Oil is not a sustainable natural resource and as such, one day it will run dry and this is why Saudi Arabia have built their first economic city at a cost of $26.6 million. This is to be the first of many economic cities in Saudi Arabia that are built to industrialize the country and create sustainable income for the future of the country. These economic cities aim to raise the average annual wage from $15,000 to $33,500 by 2020 meaning quality of life should improve for many and the country should continue to thrive on the world stage.
With all these grand plans for the future it's no wonder that various different industries want a piece of the action and Saudi Arabia parcel delivery companies
are no different. There have been couriers to Saudi Arabia for many years, serving both commercial and private clients and offering them the best service they could at the lowest price.
These days the choices of couriers to Saudi Arabia are much wider and there are services that offer options for those on a tight budget, those who need to send something urgently and everything in between. Sending parcels to Saudi Arabia has never been so easy and a lot of reason for this is the birth and growth of the internet. We can now check out parcel delivery to Saudi Arabia at our leisure, comparing companies and their prices and reading customer reviews and feedback to help us make an informed decision. If you need to send a parcel to Saudi Arabia, whether it's for business or you just want to send a friend something from the UK, logging onto the internet is the best place to start looking for a courier to Saudi Arabia that offers the delivery service you need.
Specialist international delivery companies can save you money whenever you need to send a parcel to Saudi Arabia so what are you waiting for, book a courier today.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/saudi-arabia-parcel-delivery-from-west-to-east-in-no-time-2883449.html#ixzz0uVTir6b4
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Business leaders and politicians have realised that in order to continue growing the economy at the fast rate that they are currently enjoying that they need to diversify their revenue
streams. Oil is not a sustainable natural resource and as such, one day it will run dry and this is why Saudi Arabia have built their first economic city at a cost of $26.6 million. This is to be the first of many economic cities in Saudi Arabia that are built to industrialize the country and create sustainable income for the future of the country. These economic cities aim to raise the average annual wage from $15,000 to $33,500 by 2020 meaning quality of life should improve for many and the country should continue to thrive on the world stage.
With all these grand plans for the future it's no wonder that various different industries want a piece of the action and Saudi Arabia parcel delivery companies
are no different. There have been couriers to Saudi Arabia for many years, serving both commercial and private clients and offering them the best service they could at the lowest price.
These days the choices of couriers to Saudi Arabia are much wider and there are services that offer options for those on a tight budget, those who need to send something urgently and everything in between. Sending parcels to Saudi Arabia has never been so easy and a lot of reason for this is the birth and growth of the internet. We can now check out parcel delivery to Saudi Arabia at our leisure, comparing companies and their prices and reading customer reviews and feedback to help us make an informed decision. If you need to send a parcel to Saudi Arabia, whether it's for business or you just want to send a friend something from the UK, logging onto the internet is the best place to start looking for a courier to Saudi Arabia that offers the delivery service you need.
Specialist international delivery companies can save you money whenever you need to send a parcel to Saudi Arabia so what are you waiting for, book a courier today.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/saudi-arabia-parcel-delivery-from-west-to-east-in-no-time-2883449.html#ixzz0uVTir6b4
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Language Translation: Transforming Your Website Business
The world today is no longer isolated due to the exponential growth in global telecommunications. However, the final communication barrier between humans is yet to be overcome – the different languages being used by different people. To that end, language translation provides the best possible solution in bridging the gap between people who speak different languages but still want to do business together.
The demand for language translation services has seen a huge increase mainly due to the explosion in e-commerce activities. As the internet provides the largest united market place in human history, all businesses are pouring in huge sums of money to ensure that they get a piece of the action. However, there are many practical considerations and challenges that await business owners who want to use language translations to expand their website businesses.
Firstly, which target language should be selected for language translation? This decision will depend on several factors such as the target markets you want penetrate; the largest amount of people who speak a certain language; or the language that is said to be popular amongst internet shoppers.
This is certainly confusing! But you will get there if you take it step by step. Try to do a research on your business and identify what it needs most. There is no need to carry out language translation for your website into Mandarin Chinese even if that is the most popular market with the highest number of speakers in the world right now. Focus hard on who your potential customers are. Mandarin Chinese translation is only relevant to your business if you are selling to Chinese customers. If your business is catered towards European and western markets, you are better off spending money on translation into various European languages.
However, if your business is international by nature, your attention will certainly be focused on Mandarin Chinese, English and Spanish. Mandarin Chinese is still by far the most spoken language in the world and has the fastest growing consumer buying capability. Having your website localized early in Mandarin Chinese is likely to put you at the front of the market. It is true that you might need to wait for some time before the Chinese ecommerce market becomes mature as many Chinese users are yet to go online. But the potential reward is huge, so the risk and investment now is definitely worth a try.
On the other hand, Spanish is widely spoken by many emerging markets in the west, albeit having many different dialects. The population of Spanish speakers is still growing and they are also estimated to become consumers with a high spending power. Spanish language translation of your website is likely to help you to capitalize on this future growth of Spanish online shoppers.
Finally, once you have decided on the target language for translation, you will need to shift your efforts to Search Engine Optimization (SEO). This is a technique where you optimize your website on selected keywords so that they appear favourably on the Search Engine Result Pages (SERPs). This is a specialist area and it is recommended that you hire a professional to provide such service. The key is to ensure that the website translation uses the same keywords as those decided by your SEO expert.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/language-translation-transforming-your-website-business-2883491.html#ixzz0uVTVNWcL
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
The demand for language translation services has seen a huge increase mainly due to the explosion in e-commerce activities. As the internet provides the largest united market place in human history, all businesses are pouring in huge sums of money to ensure that they get a piece of the action. However, there are many practical considerations and challenges that await business owners who want to use language translations to expand their website businesses.
Firstly, which target language should be selected for language translation? This decision will depend on several factors such as the target markets you want penetrate; the largest amount of people who speak a certain language; or the language that is said to be popular amongst internet shoppers.
This is certainly confusing! But you will get there if you take it step by step. Try to do a research on your business and identify what it needs most. There is no need to carry out language translation for your website into Mandarin Chinese even if that is the most popular market with the highest number of speakers in the world right now. Focus hard on who your potential customers are. Mandarin Chinese translation is only relevant to your business if you are selling to Chinese customers. If your business is catered towards European and western markets, you are better off spending money on translation into various European languages.
However, if your business is international by nature, your attention will certainly be focused on Mandarin Chinese, English and Spanish. Mandarin Chinese is still by far the most spoken language in the world and has the fastest growing consumer buying capability. Having your website localized early in Mandarin Chinese is likely to put you at the front of the market. It is true that you might need to wait for some time before the Chinese ecommerce market becomes mature as many Chinese users are yet to go online. But the potential reward is huge, so the risk and investment now is definitely worth a try.
On the other hand, Spanish is widely spoken by many emerging markets in the west, albeit having many different dialects. The population of Spanish speakers is still growing and they are also estimated to become consumers with a high spending power. Spanish language translation of your website is likely to help you to capitalize on this future growth of Spanish online shoppers.
Finally, once you have decided on the target language for translation, you will need to shift your efforts to Search Engine Optimization (SEO). This is a technique where you optimize your website on selected keywords so that they appear favourably on the Search Engine Result Pages (SERPs). This is a specialist area and it is recommended that you hire a professional to provide such service. The key is to ensure that the website translation uses the same keywords as those decided by your SEO expert.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/language-translation-transforming-your-website-business-2883491.html#ixzz0uVTVNWcL
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Employ VoIP phones for better business communication
The field of telecommunications is a dynamic. With the ever-increasing advances in technology, the products and services on offer also change rapidly. The new systems of communication have proven to be more efficient and utility- driven. This has made their popularity soar and enabled them to replace the conventional modes employed.
VoIP phone system is one of the latest offering on the block, which are though, similar to analog phones, but operate via PSTNs (Public Switched Telephone Network). The Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology allows the users to make calls over the internet; all one needs is an active broadband connection to launch a call.
VoIP phone system, likeits traditional counterpart, not onlyis similar in appearance but carries most of its features as well, like call waiting, redial, speed dial, flash, mute, space for storing contacts, volume control etc. Incorporation of traditional features provides for comfort and ease of use.
However, since these phones are specifically designed to make calls over the internet, they are also accompanied by VoIP gateways that convert analog signals into IP, for transfer over a phone network.
VoIP gateways are used to convert incoming analog signals to digital packets. Therefore, they allow calls to be received and transferred over the regular PSTNs; they also connect traditional phones to an IP network. These gateways therefore, have one port to connect to the IP network and another to the various analog phone lines.
Depending on the type of lines they connect, VoIP gateways have been divided into analog units and digital units. Analog units are employed to connect up to 24 analog phone lines to it. Alternatively, the digital units allow one or more digital lines to be connected with it.
A VoIP phones system provides for a number of advantages over the regular analog phones as well. Since the calls are made via the internet, the costs incurred are much less than the usual telephony. Not only this, the taxes that are applicable on the phone calls made over IP networks are negligible, further lowering the total costs.
The convenience that a VoIP phones systemprovides is unmatched. The users just need an active broadband connection to start a call with these phones. Various specialized features too are available with a VoIP service provider. These include voice mail, call waiting, three-way calling, call forwarding, caller ID among others.
An additional advantage with a VoIP phoneservice is that it does not require the users to change numbers on relocation. Again, the only necessary condition is the availability of a high-speed internet connection. Hence, VoIP phone services not only prove to be more efficient but highly affordable as well
VoIP phone system is one of the latest offering on the block, which are though, similar to analog phones, but operate via PSTNs (Public Switched Telephone Network). The Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology allows the users to make calls over the internet; all one needs is an active broadband connection to launch a call.
VoIP phone system, likeits traditional counterpart, not onlyis similar in appearance but carries most of its features as well, like call waiting, redial, speed dial, flash, mute, space for storing contacts, volume control etc. Incorporation of traditional features provides for comfort and ease of use.
However, since these phones are specifically designed to make calls over the internet, they are also accompanied by VoIP gateways that convert analog signals into IP, for transfer over a phone network.
VoIP gateways are used to convert incoming analog signals to digital packets. Therefore, they allow calls to be received and transferred over the regular PSTNs; they also connect traditional phones to an IP network. These gateways therefore, have one port to connect to the IP network and another to the various analog phone lines.
Depending on the type of lines they connect, VoIP gateways have been divided into analog units and digital units. Analog units are employed to connect up to 24 analog phone lines to it. Alternatively, the digital units allow one or more digital lines to be connected with it.
A VoIP phones system provides for a number of advantages over the regular analog phones as well. Since the calls are made via the internet, the costs incurred are much less than the usual telephony. Not only this, the taxes that are applicable on the phone calls made over IP networks are negligible, further lowering the total costs.
The convenience that a VoIP phones systemprovides is unmatched. The users just need an active broadband connection to start a call with these phones. Various specialized features too are available with a VoIP service provider. These include voice mail, call waiting, three-way calling, call forwarding, caller ID among others.
An additional advantage with a VoIP phoneservice is that it does not require the users to change numbers on relocation. Again, the only necessary condition is the availability of a high-speed internet connection. Hence, VoIP phone services not only prove to be more efficient but highly affordable as well
Rabu, 21 Juli 2010
Canton Fair Phase II prices the day before yesterday welcoming the opening of brand shoes supplier
EU restrictions on Chinese shoes "imminent", the Canton Fair opened two days ago, immediately became the focus of footwear exhibition. Part of the footwear exhibitors, this year's export price of Chinese shoes in general rose 5% -10%, compared with the quality brand shoes, without fear or restrictions on EU anti-dumping; number of small and medium footwear manufacturers say that, or Fair Competition for the price I am afraid hastily prices buyers not buy it.
Raw materials prices led brand shoes prices
Canton Fair Pazhou exhibition in the second phase of discovery, the export price of major brand shoes Zhangshengyipian. One of the representatives of Wenzhou shoes, Zhejiang "Aokang" Export Department Mr. Lien said the brand exports to the EU about the brand for 40% of total exports, the EU's pre-import licensing control measures have little effect on the brand; In addition, continuous price rise of raw materials impact on the shoe manufacturer, the brand this year, export prices will rise about 10%. Chamber of Commerce to accept even the President believe that this increase procurement, because the general average price of men's footwear exports to be 17-18 U.S. dollars / double, in the foreign retail price is 80-100 dollars / double, buyers generally will not be around one U.S. dollar The increase is disputed. He said that the brand is taking the high-end shoe line, the high average price of shoe exports, there was no anti-dumping issues.
Mr. Lien admitted to the Fair's many shoe enterprises have clung to the "Pathfinder" mentality, the EU calls on China to safeguard the high case, under the Single European customers may be cautious attitude. Kangnai International Trade of Miujing Li said that exports of shoes this year prices is irreversible, even if the European Union to trade restrictions, I believe the impact on the high-end brand will be minimal.
Although major brand footwear manufacturers to claim that price increases, but this year's trade export business of various small shoes may still be continuing price war. The day before yesterday, in charge of a trading company in Shenzhen who said the Fair Competition or the price, especially SMEs, fear most is to get any orders, they dare not say prices. Insiders observe that there are quality brand shoes and brand advantage, them prices, merchants are acceptable, but the face of fierce competition in export markets, SMEs will not lightly prices. But withstood the pressure not raising their prices even lower prices, companies may have to reduce the quality to absorb the pressure created by rising raw materials, customs data, China's shoe exports have shown a decline in average price signs, which may lead to a new round of EU trade sanctions.
Average price decline in exports is a dangerous signal
Customs analysts believe, from the 1st quarter of this year, Guangdong's export situation, the implementation of the licensing control footwear accounting for more than the proportion of total exports to the EU Liu Cheng, and export of various products showed high growth momentum in exports of some products price decline is a dangerous signal, the European Union to take action at any time will be Chinese shoes.
(Also Reuters) yesterday afternoon, Deputy Mayor of Guangzhou, Mr Chen to the second phase of the Canton Fair Pazhou Complex, Guangzhou, visited Mission exhibitors.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/canton-fair-phase-ii-prices-the-day-before-yesterday-welcoming-the-opening-of-brand-shoes-supplier-2871859.html#ixzz0uNrQB5bm
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Raw materials prices led brand shoes prices
Canton Fair Pazhou exhibition in the second phase of discovery, the export price of major brand shoes Zhangshengyipian. One of the representatives of Wenzhou shoes, Zhejiang "Aokang" Export Department Mr. Lien said the brand exports to the EU about the brand for 40% of total exports, the EU's pre-import licensing control measures have little effect on the brand; In addition, continuous price rise of raw materials impact on the shoe manufacturer, the brand this year, export prices will rise about 10%. Chamber of Commerce to accept even the President believe that this increase procurement, because the general average price of men's footwear exports to be 17-18 U.S. dollars / double, in the foreign retail price is 80-100 dollars / double, buyers generally will not be around one U.S. dollar The increase is disputed. He said that the brand is taking the high-end shoe line, the high average price of shoe exports, there was no anti-dumping issues.
Mr. Lien admitted to the Fair's many shoe enterprises have clung to the "Pathfinder" mentality, the EU calls on China to safeguard the high case, under the Single European customers may be cautious attitude. Kangnai International Trade of Miujing Li said that exports of shoes this year prices is irreversible, even if the European Union to trade restrictions, I believe the impact on the high-end brand will be minimal.
Although major brand footwear manufacturers to claim that price increases, but this year's trade export business of various small shoes may still be continuing price war. The day before yesterday, in charge of a trading company in Shenzhen who said the Fair Competition or the price, especially SMEs, fear most is to get any orders, they dare not say prices. Insiders observe that there are quality brand shoes and brand advantage, them prices, merchants are acceptable, but the face of fierce competition in export markets, SMEs will not lightly prices. But withstood the pressure not raising their prices even lower prices, companies may have to reduce the quality to absorb the pressure created by rising raw materials, customs data, China's shoe exports have shown a decline in average price signs, which may lead to a new round of EU trade sanctions.
Average price decline in exports is a dangerous signal
Customs analysts believe, from the 1st quarter of this year, Guangdong's export situation, the implementation of the licensing control footwear accounting for more than the proportion of total exports to the EU Liu Cheng, and export of various products showed high growth momentum in exports of some products price decline is a dangerous signal, the European Union to take action at any time will be Chinese shoes.
(Also Reuters) yesterday afternoon, Deputy Mayor of Guangzhou, Mr Chen to the second phase of the Canton Fair Pazhou Complex, Guangzhou, visited Mission exhibitors.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/canton-fair-phase-ii-prices-the-day-before-yesterday-welcoming-the-opening-of-brand-shoes-supplier-2871859.html#ixzz0uNrQB5bm
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Expand Screw Industry
"At present, constraints jintang industrial economy is a major factor in the development of industrial land and water resources, if we can solve the two problems, by 2008 o. bridge puts up a time when there will be a big leap Jintang." Participated in the Urban four-five meetings of the NPC National People's Congress, Standing Committee Dinghai District, Golden Town appointed secretary of Zhejiang Hai recently described the current economic situation Jintang industry.
Golden Town industrial economy in order to create well-known screw presses, known as "China Screw town" reputation. Last year, the town industrial economic output reached 18.4 billion yuan, an increase of 23% in the region's industrial economy was ranked first. One screw manufacturing accounted for 64% of the total industrial economy, occupy 70% of the national market share of the screw. Wang Zhe Hai said: This year I submitted the General Assembly, the motion is mainly called on the government to further intensify efforts to adopt preferential policies on the three major island of Jintang overall planning, especially in the land policy, given the enterprise a certain concessions in order to expand production needs, for the next five-year plan to lay a solid foundation. He said that in recent years, Golden Town, the rapid development of non-public ownership economy, with more than 300 screw manufacturing enterprises, and now, some lathe production plant close to each other, an urgent need to expand the construction of plant reproduction.
Wang Zhe Hai said that another constraint is water. Jintang as the islands, already scarce water resources. And because of geographical reasons, what distribution is extremely uneven: Dafeng is relatively water-rich, while the Lek Hong Kong and mountain lake are dry. In recent years, due to the rapid development of industrial economy, the demand for water increased significantly over last year's Jintang 800 million cubic meters of water this year is expected to reach more than 1100 million cubic meters, if you do not take effective measures, will i. on the production and life a certain extent. Wang Zhe Hai said: I hope the Government to expeditiously implement the integration of urban and rural water supply projects, the best this year, you can start to relieve pressing business. Golden Town will co-ordinate the planning, full use of existing water resources on the island, the river turned the water storage, improve water utilization.
On the hot issue "bridge economy" that Wang Zhe Hai, said: frame-pass bridge in 2008 when the bridgehead to play a role in Jintang no doubt, in order to meet the bridge economic times, we are increasing infrastructure construction. This year has begun on the construction of large Pukou and Xiao Li Ao two container terminals, large Pukou existing 5 berths to the 2008 will build two terminals. As a strategic location, then, to land and container will be transported through the bridge more quickly and conveniently. Xiao Li Ao was mainly good pass water, electricity, access roads and site formation work, the economy lay the foundation for the bridge.
Wang Zhe Hai said: will I pass the bridge frame 15 kilometers of the Zhenjiang city not to mention the emergence of CMO, in addition to boosting local consumption, thermal envelope, as well as prosperity, because everyone Chimei a good impression, many Taiwanese firms simply hitch a ride, play the Taiwan card in Zhenjiang big business profits. Hsu Wen-lung in the past has been known as the father of acrylic ?? Taiwan, it appears there are successful experiences in Zhenjiang Chi Mei, he wanted to be the father of the whole of China acrylic ?.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/expand-screw-industry-2871903.html#ixzz0uNrGXwUg
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Golden Town industrial economy in order to create well-known screw presses, known as "China Screw town" reputation. Last year, the town industrial economic output reached 18.4 billion yuan, an increase of 23% in the region's industrial economy was ranked first. One screw manufacturing accounted for 64% of the total industrial economy, occupy 70% of the national market share of the screw. Wang Zhe Hai said: This year I submitted the General Assembly, the motion is mainly called on the government to further intensify efforts to adopt preferential policies on the three major island of Jintang overall planning, especially in the land policy, given the enterprise a certain concessions in order to expand production needs, for the next five-year plan to lay a solid foundation. He said that in recent years, Golden Town, the rapid development of non-public ownership economy, with more than 300 screw manufacturing enterprises, and now, some lathe production plant close to each other, an urgent need to expand the construction of plant reproduction.
Wang Zhe Hai said that another constraint is water. Jintang as the islands, already scarce water resources. And because of geographical reasons, what distribution is extremely uneven: Dafeng is relatively water-rich, while the Lek Hong Kong and mountain lake are dry. In recent years, due to the rapid development of industrial economy, the demand for water increased significantly over last year's Jintang 800 million cubic meters of water this year is expected to reach more than 1100 million cubic meters, if you do not take effective measures, will i. on the production and life a certain extent. Wang Zhe Hai said: I hope the Government to expeditiously implement the integration of urban and rural water supply projects, the best this year, you can start to relieve pressing business. Golden Town will co-ordinate the planning, full use of existing water resources on the island, the river turned the water storage, improve water utilization.
On the hot issue "bridge economy" that Wang Zhe Hai, said: frame-pass bridge in 2008 when the bridgehead to play a role in Jintang no doubt, in order to meet the bridge economic times, we are increasing infrastructure construction. This year has begun on the construction of large Pukou and Xiao Li Ao two container terminals, large Pukou existing 5 berths to the 2008 will build two terminals. As a strategic location, then, to land and container will be transported through the bridge more quickly and conveniently. Xiao Li Ao was mainly good pass water, electricity, access roads and site formation work, the economy lay the foundation for the bridge.
Wang Zhe Hai said: will I pass the bridge frame 15 kilometers of the Zhenjiang city not to mention the emergence of CMO, in addition to boosting local consumption, thermal envelope, as well as prosperity, because everyone Chimei a good impression, many Taiwanese firms simply hitch a ride, play the Taiwan card in Zhenjiang big business profits. Hsu Wen-lung in the past has been known as the father of acrylic ?? Taiwan, it appears there are successful experiences in Zhenjiang Chi Mei, he wanted to be the father of the whole of China acrylic ?.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/expand-screw-industry-2871903.html#ixzz0uNrGXwUg
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Kitchen and large enterprises to do public good article to build an international brand
Vantage "1 +2 student", 10 000 and the "recall inline"
Galanz
Sponsorship "delicious Chinese", United States of support nutritious breakfast
China
Kitchen
Wide selection of public enterprises are activities to promote
Brand
Overall strategic development. This reporter noted that the Chinese kitchen in the field not only has "Vantage 1 +2, Physics and Chemistry Student" is a typical student volunteering, there have been beautiful
Microwave ovens
Support the school's "nutritious breakfast project" and the million and the "
Inline Water Heater
Recall action. "In addition, a large kitchen appliance company involved in community work is also a big issue. Concerned that the Chinese kitchen call attention to charitable enterprises degree, changed the pattern of previous branding, public image combined with the brand image to build international brands to become an important way.
Industry observers point out that charity is not only a success today, interest in the centuries of social behavior, but also market the product under the brand sublimation, the brand's long-term development of great significance, which, many
TNC
Related to charitable activities have been adopted for the enterprise
Casting
Solid brand barriers. The participation of Chinese enterprises must speed up the pace of public service activities.
Contrast, domestic companies paid more attention on philanthropy as well as foreign enthusiasm. In fact, many multinational companies, such as
Motorola
,
Procter & Gamble
,
LG
And other charitable activities through relevant, in their own
Corporate Culture
Brand in the branded charity, to increase the thickness of the brand. Chinese companies chose to short-term welfare activities as marketing carrier, charity shows a sudden and short-term. It also decided to mark its brand vulnerability of the masses.
Overall, from the public and brand, marketing and strategy, enterprise and responsibility, brand strategy and international development point of view, kitchen and build brand Vantage's "1 +2, Physics and Chemistry Student Project", is the charity typical of the more successful cases. It created "a store two children out of school funding," the unique charitable grant mode. It can be said Vantage start "a +2 student project", from the perspective of marketing strategy, marketing strategy and the successful completion of the combination of public brand first transformation. As this project continue to push forward with the development, channel development and further improvement of the ringing service Huadi Cheng charitable kitchen brand. As president of Huang Vantage are said, when a company sent to a certain height, public brand and corporate philanthropy has become a responsibility back to society.
Industry analysts pointed out that the gradual loss of the domestic market, low end brand, high end brand space broad, brand promotion to enhance the background, the charity for the international brand strategy is of great significance. Some analysts said there have been international
Coca-Cola
, Motorola, LG, P & G and other famous enterprises to join the charity. In the domestic, industrial
Competition
Force gradually revealed when the local brand strategy and brand image philanthropy also makes people whom applauded.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/kitchen-and-large-enterprises-to-do-public-good-article-to-build-an-international-brand-2872191.html#ixzz0uNqkb4Cb
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Galanz
Sponsorship "delicious Chinese", United States of support nutritious breakfast
China
Kitchen
Wide selection of public enterprises are activities to promote
Brand
Overall strategic development. This reporter noted that the Chinese kitchen in the field not only has "Vantage 1 +2, Physics and Chemistry Student" is a typical student volunteering, there have been beautiful
Microwave ovens
Support the school's "nutritious breakfast project" and the million and the "
Inline Water Heater
Recall action. "In addition, a large kitchen appliance company involved in community work is also a big issue. Concerned that the Chinese kitchen call attention to charitable enterprises degree, changed the pattern of previous branding, public image combined with the brand image to build international brands to become an important way.
Industry observers point out that charity is not only a success today, interest in the centuries of social behavior, but also market the product under the brand sublimation, the brand's long-term development of great significance, which, many
TNC
Related to charitable activities have been adopted for the enterprise
Casting
Solid brand barriers. The participation of Chinese enterprises must speed up the pace of public service activities.
Contrast, domestic companies paid more attention on philanthropy as well as foreign enthusiasm. In fact, many multinational companies, such as
Motorola
,
Procter & Gamble
,
LG
And other charitable activities through relevant, in their own
Corporate Culture
Brand in the branded charity, to increase the thickness of the brand. Chinese companies chose to short-term welfare activities as marketing carrier, charity shows a sudden and short-term. It also decided to mark its brand vulnerability of the masses.
Overall, from the public and brand, marketing and strategy, enterprise and responsibility, brand strategy and international development point of view, kitchen and build brand Vantage's "1 +2, Physics and Chemistry Student Project", is the charity typical of the more successful cases. It created "a store two children out of school funding," the unique charitable grant mode. It can be said Vantage start "a +2 student project", from the perspective of marketing strategy, marketing strategy and the successful completion of the combination of public brand first transformation. As this project continue to push forward with the development, channel development and further improvement of the ringing service Huadi Cheng charitable kitchen brand. As president of Huang Vantage are said, when a company sent to a certain height, public brand and corporate philanthropy has become a responsibility back to society.
Industry analysts pointed out that the gradual loss of the domestic market, low end brand, high end brand space broad, brand promotion to enhance the background, the charity for the international brand strategy is of great significance. Some analysts said there have been international
Coca-Cola
, Motorola, LG, P & G and other famous enterprises to join the charity. In the domestic, industrial
Competition
Force gradually revealed when the local brand strategy and brand image philanthropy also makes people whom applauded.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/kitchen-and-large-enterprises-to-do-public-good-article-to-build-an-international-brand-2872191.html#ixzz0uNqkb4Cb
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Role of event photography in our life
There are certain functions or events that come at once in entire life. Everyone wants to enjoy his life or those memorable events. Earlier it was not possible to live that moment but today is the world of gadgets. Today we have got cameras and have got professional photographers, who can help us preserve those valuable moments.
Now a days people are making their carrier in this field because this field is full of knowledge, fun and money. Event photography business is expanding just like spider's web if you like camera then you may go to event photography field. As the name defines, Event photography is said to be taking pictures or recording video in an event. Events are divided into definite categories such as wedding event, corporate event, social and charity events.
Is there any wedding event in your house or in your family? Have you decided something about photography? Trust me event photography will make your event full of excitement, anticipation and of course memorable. I know wedding is a function full of preparations. A lot of preparations have to be done but that doesn't mean you forgot hiring an event photographer. Event photographer is must especially in a wedding function. If you have not hired an event photographer then hire it now but make sure he is professional in his work.
Event photography is also proving very helpful in expanding business. Now you are thinking in what way. Well, take an example suppose you are organizing a business event and hired an event photographer. Stills that are taken at the party will be at the page of the newspaper next day. Why business parties are organized? Just for making contacts and why contacts are made? Contacts are made for expanding business and expanded business will result in lots of money. As your contacts increases your sales will also increases. Due to the stills taken you will be known to each and every business person wants to be friends of yours. Social and charity events are also becoming very popular these days. Many Celebrities attends charity and social events just for being on page3. Celebrities and the charity event organizer both wants publicity and for that they call event photographer.
Photographs taken at the party will act as a plus point for business as well as for social events if the pictures taken are good enough. Wedding is an event that comes at once in life and everyone wants to keep it alive. It will be alive if pictures are taken by professional and experienced event photographer and it is same as in the case of social and charity events. Hire an event photographer who has good market value as well as experience. If there is any event in your surroundings and you are in need of an event photographer then you can log onto events-photography.com. The service quality they support is simply unmatched. Moreover you will not find a better and affordable deal than that any where.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/role-of-event-photography-in-our-life-2872786.html#ixzz0uNqLPnm2
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Now a days people are making their carrier in this field because this field is full of knowledge, fun and money. Event photography business is expanding just like spider's web if you like camera then you may go to event photography field. As the name defines, Event photography is said to be taking pictures or recording video in an event. Events are divided into definite categories such as wedding event, corporate event, social and charity events.
Is there any wedding event in your house or in your family? Have you decided something about photography? Trust me event photography will make your event full of excitement, anticipation and of course memorable. I know wedding is a function full of preparations. A lot of preparations have to be done but that doesn't mean you forgot hiring an event photographer. Event photographer is must especially in a wedding function. If you have not hired an event photographer then hire it now but make sure he is professional in his work.
Event photography is also proving very helpful in expanding business. Now you are thinking in what way. Well, take an example suppose you are organizing a business event and hired an event photographer. Stills that are taken at the party will be at the page of the newspaper next day. Why business parties are organized? Just for making contacts and why contacts are made? Contacts are made for expanding business and expanded business will result in lots of money. As your contacts increases your sales will also increases. Due to the stills taken you will be known to each and every business person wants to be friends of yours. Social and charity events are also becoming very popular these days. Many Celebrities attends charity and social events just for being on page3. Celebrities and the charity event organizer both wants publicity and for that they call event photographer.
Photographs taken at the party will act as a plus point for business as well as for social events if the pictures taken are good enough. Wedding is an event that comes at once in life and everyone wants to keep it alive. It will be alive if pictures are taken by professional and experienced event photographer and it is same as in the case of social and charity events. Hire an event photographer who has good market value as well as experience. If there is any event in your surroundings and you are in need of an event photographer then you can log onto events-photography.com. The service quality they support is simply unmatched. Moreover you will not find a better and affordable deal than that any where.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/role-of-event-photography-in-our-life-2872786.html#ixzz0uNqLPnm2
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Model of Aluminum Casting
with cast steel inserts,made of aluminum alloy,then machining in CNC and heat treatment,suitable for machinery parts,OEM order is accepted.
* Description:
Precision casting we use water glass, composite moniker and silicasol these three available crafts producing variety of castings, including carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, etc. founding craft based on the principle of resin sand, producing all kinds of castings ADI, grey iron, cupper aluminium castings. die-casting crafts mainly produce all kinds of Aluminum casting metal alloy die-castings.
* Mainly Supply:
spring parts, mining machinery parts, accessories of electro mechanic, gearbox housing parts, flange parts, vehicle parts, industrial components, motorcycles spare parts, sewing machine parts, marine parts, piling parts, locking parts, electric tomato mill accessories, electric meat mincer accessories, kebab machine parts, construction parts, hardware parts, transport parts, sheet parts, machining spindle parts, rubber parts and more…
.Die sand and mold casting process
.Can offer three types of molds die castings, sand castings and permanent mold casting (gravity or chill casting)
.Software for drawing: pro/E, auto CAD, UG, CAD, PDF and solid works 2008 flow analysis
.Further machining work: turning, cutting, milling, grinding, drilling, reaming and threading
.Surface grinding machine: polishing shot blasting, chromate plating, power coated and anodizing
.OEM and ODM parts range: auto parts, electronic parts, furniture parts, home appliance and other industrial uses
.Processes: CAD service, metal processing, surface plating, QC testing and packing
Product Description
Learn more about products detailed description, pricing and service, Please visit stainless steel pipe fittings
wocao
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/model-of-aluminum-casting-2873249.html#ixzz0uNptwUaz
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
* Description:
Precision casting we use water glass, composite moniker and silicasol these three available crafts producing variety of castings, including carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, etc. founding craft based on the principle of resin sand, producing all kinds of castings ADI, grey iron, cupper aluminium castings. die-casting crafts mainly produce all kinds of Aluminum casting metal alloy die-castings.
* Mainly Supply:
spring parts, mining machinery parts, accessories of electro mechanic, gearbox housing parts, flange parts, vehicle parts, industrial components, motorcycles spare parts, sewing machine parts, marine parts, piling parts, locking parts, electric tomato mill accessories, electric meat mincer accessories, kebab machine parts, construction parts, hardware parts, transport parts, sheet parts, machining spindle parts, rubber parts and more…
.Die sand and mold casting process
.Can offer three types of molds die castings, sand castings and permanent mold casting (gravity or chill casting)
.Software for drawing: pro/E, auto CAD, UG, CAD, PDF and solid works 2008 flow analysis
.Further machining work: turning, cutting, milling, grinding, drilling, reaming and threading
.Surface grinding machine: polishing shot blasting, chromate plating, power coated and anodizing
.OEM and ODM parts range: auto parts, electronic parts, furniture parts, home appliance and other industrial uses
.Processes: CAD service, metal processing, surface plating, QC testing and packing
Product Description
Learn more about products detailed description, pricing and service, Please visit stainless steel pipe fittings
wocao
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/model-of-aluminum-casting-2873249.html#ixzz0uNptwUaz
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Change our throw-away society with mobile phone recycling
We live in a competitive world and products are launched and then disappear into obscurity on a daily basis. No where is this truer than the mobile communications
industry where we have turned into a society of mobile phone fanatics hungrily waiting for the next new gimmick to hit the high street. Our throw-away society has led to us replacing handsets on at least a yearly basis leaving millions of discarded mobile phones lurking in cupboards and dusty corners.
Throwing out old handsets however is not the way forward. Recycling mobile phones is by far the best way. Not only are you doing our environment a favour, you could be earning yourself some extra cash. Mobile phone recycling companies offer money to anyone who wants to sell their mobile phone. You can check on the website whether the model is of interest to the recycling company and how much money you may be able to earn.
These companies make use of old and unwanted handsets. Used phones are recycled appropriately and then sold on at a reduced rate. Alternatively they are donated to charities that help the underprivileged. As each new wave of mobile phones hits the market, another wave of old phones is discarded. The most important part of the phone is its battery. Rechargeable batteries contain a cocktail of chemicals which are harmful to the environment. Mobile phone recycling ensures we do not impact the environment negatively.
These days it's normal to expect money in return for an old handset and you can sell mobile phones to specialist recycling companies. These companies will take old phones in return for money which is dependent on the exterior and interior condition of the phone. At Mazuma Mobile we offer an efficient mobile phone recycling service and provide competitive rates for old handsets.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/change-our-throw-away-society-with-mobile-phone-recycling-2873463.html#ixzz0uNpbaRuj
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
industry where we have turned into a society of mobile phone fanatics hungrily waiting for the next new gimmick to hit the high street. Our throw-away society has led to us replacing handsets on at least a yearly basis leaving millions of discarded mobile phones lurking in cupboards and dusty corners.
Throwing out old handsets however is not the way forward. Recycling mobile phones is by far the best way. Not only are you doing our environment a favour, you could be earning yourself some extra cash. Mobile phone recycling companies offer money to anyone who wants to sell their mobile phone. You can check on the website whether the model is of interest to the recycling company and how much money you may be able to earn.
These companies make use of old and unwanted handsets. Used phones are recycled appropriately and then sold on at a reduced rate. Alternatively they are donated to charities that help the underprivileged. As each new wave of mobile phones hits the market, another wave of old phones is discarded. The most important part of the phone is its battery. Rechargeable batteries contain a cocktail of chemicals which are harmful to the environment. Mobile phone recycling ensures we do not impact the environment negatively.
These days it's normal to expect money in return for an old handset and you can sell mobile phones to specialist recycling companies. These companies will take old phones in return for money which is dependent on the exterior and interior condition of the phone. At Mazuma Mobile we offer an efficient mobile phone recycling service and provide competitive rates for old handsets.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/change-our-throw-away-society-with-mobile-phone-recycling-2873463.html#ixzz0uNpbaRuj
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Tips To Select Best Low Maintenance Landscaping In Gold Coast
You want to give your house a completely new look. Therefore, you are searching for someone who can provide you some excellent renovation idea. When you are searching for the best designing tips for your house, it is recommended that you take the assistance of the experienced landscapers. Only an experienced landscaper gold coast
can provide you with complete information on what is needed for decorating a house in the perfect manner. If you want the best landscaping design for your house, you should take time for checking different ideas and understand what is best for your house.
Patios: When it comes to a complete remodeling of a house at a low cost, the first thing that comes to your mind is beautiful patios. A home owner, who does not want to spend much money on remodeling of the house but wants to add some elegance to the house, can opt for beautiful patios. Consult a landscaper and ask him about the best idea for decorating your patios. Also discuss him about your budget and the patio material that is affordable within your budget. Generally, laying patios do not incur much cost and someone who does not have high budget can opt for this. When you are considering about beautiful patios, you should also take some time to know about its maintenance, as the elegance of the patios would be lost without proper maintenance. Patios are generally considered to be low maintenance landscaping idea and one can take care of its maintenance at ease.
Backyard Decoration: If you have a huge unused plot at the back of your house, this can be an ideal landscaping choice for you. You can consult an experienced landscaping gold coast
expert and ask him whether it is possible to build a deck at your backyard. Constructing a deck at the backyard would not only change the look of your house in a complete manner but also would give more space for living. The space that has remained unutilized so far can be now properly used. Someone who is interested to get a cabin constructed at the backyard of his house should discuss the plan with a professional who has a good track record in this business. He can provide different ideas for making an excellent cabin at the backyard. Not only that but also a professional who is experienced in this field would provide you brilliant plans affordable within your budget.
There are several ideas that you can consider for the beautiful landscaping of your house. Whatever, landscaping design you consider, it should be in sync with the house, else you would not get the beautification that you desired. You should also ensure that you have not compromised on quality for money.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/tips-to-select-best-low-maintenance-landscaping-in-gold-coast-2873834.html#ixzz0uNpFtZku
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
can provide you with complete information on what is needed for decorating a house in the perfect manner. If you want the best landscaping design for your house, you should take time for checking different ideas and understand what is best for your house.
Patios: When it comes to a complete remodeling of a house at a low cost, the first thing that comes to your mind is beautiful patios. A home owner, who does not want to spend much money on remodeling of the house but wants to add some elegance to the house, can opt for beautiful patios. Consult a landscaper and ask him about the best idea for decorating your patios. Also discuss him about your budget and the patio material that is affordable within your budget. Generally, laying patios do not incur much cost and someone who does not have high budget can opt for this. When you are considering about beautiful patios, you should also take some time to know about its maintenance, as the elegance of the patios would be lost without proper maintenance. Patios are generally considered to be low maintenance landscaping idea and one can take care of its maintenance at ease.
Backyard Decoration: If you have a huge unused plot at the back of your house, this can be an ideal landscaping choice for you. You can consult an experienced landscaping gold coast
expert and ask him whether it is possible to build a deck at your backyard. Constructing a deck at the backyard would not only change the look of your house in a complete manner but also would give more space for living. The space that has remained unutilized so far can be now properly used. Someone who is interested to get a cabin constructed at the backyard of his house should discuss the plan with a professional who has a good track record in this business. He can provide different ideas for making an excellent cabin at the backyard. Not only that but also a professional who is experienced in this field would provide you brilliant plans affordable within your budget.
There are several ideas that you can consider for the beautiful landscaping of your house. Whatever, landscaping design you consider, it should be in sync with the house, else you would not get the beautification that you desired. You should also ensure that you have not compromised on quality for money.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/tips-to-select-best-low-maintenance-landscaping-in-gold-coast-2873834.html#ixzz0uNpFtZku
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Minggu, 18 Juli 2010
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
Features
UMTS, using W-CDMA, supports maximum theoretical data transfer rates of 21 Mbit/s (with HSDPA), although at the moment users in deployed networks can expect a transfer rate of up to 384 kbit/s for R99 handsets, and 7.2 Mbit/s for HSDPA handsets in the downlink connection. This is still much greater than the 9.6 kbit/s of a single GSM error-corrected circuit switched data channel or multiple 9.6 kbit/s channels in HSCSD (14.4 kbit/s for CDMAOne), andn competition to other network technologies such as CDMA2000, PHS or WLANffers access to the World Wide Web and other data services on mobile devices.
Precursors to 3G are 2G mobile telephony systems, such as GSM, IS-95, PDC, CDMA PHS and other 2G technologies deployed in different countries. In the case of GSM, there is an evolution path from 2G, to GPRS, also known as 2.5G. GPRS supports a much better data rate (up to a theoretical maximum of 140.8 kbit/s, though typical rates are closer to 56 kbit/s) and is packet switched rather than connection oriented (circuit switched). It is deployed in many places where GSM is used. E-GPRS, or EDGE, is a further evolution of GPRS and is based on more modern coding schemes. With EDGE the actual packet data rates can reach around 180 kbit/s (effective). EDGE systems are often referred as "2.75G Systems".
Since 2006, UMTS networks in many countries have been or are in the process of being upgraded with High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), sometimes known as 3.5G. Currently, HSDPA enables downlink transfer speeds of up to 21 Mbit/s. Work is also progressing on improving the uplink transfer speed with the High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). Longer term, the 3GPP Long Term Evolution project plans to move UMTS to 4G speeds of 100 Mbit/s down and 50 Mbit/s up, using a next generation air interface technology based upon Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing.
The first national consumer UMTS networks launched in 2002 with a heavy emphasis on telco-provided mobile applications such as mobile TV and video calling. The high data speeds of UMTS are now most often utilised for Internet access: experience in Japan and elsewhere has shown that user demand for video calls is not high, and telco-provided audio/video content has declined in popularity in favour of high-speed access to the World Wide Web - either directly on a handset or connected to a computer via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Infrared or USB.
Technology
UMTS combines three different air interfaces, GSM's Mobile Application Part (MAP) core, and the GSM family of speech codecs.
Air interfaces
UMTS provides several different terrestrial air interfaces, called UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). All air interface options are part of ITU's IMT-2000. In the currently most popular variant for cellular mobile telephones, W-CDMA (IMT Direct Spread) is used.
Please note that the terms W-CDMA, TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA are misleading. While they suggest covering just a channel access method (namely a variant of CDMA), they are actually the common names for the whole air interface standards.
Non-terrestrial radio access networks are currently under research.
W-CDMA (UTRA-FDD)
Main article: W-CDMA (UMTS)
UMTS transmitter on the roof of a building
W-CDMA uses the DS-CDMA channel access method with a pair of 5 MHz channels. In contrast, the competing CDMA2000 system uses one or more arbitrary 1.25 MHz channels for each direction of communication. W-CDMA systems are widely criticized for their large spectrum usage, which has delayed deployment in countries that acted relatively slowly in allocating new frequencies specifically for 3G services (such as the United States).
The specific frequency bands originally defined by the UMTS standard are 18852025 MHz for the mobile-to-base (uplink) and 21102200 MHz for the base-to-mobile (downlink). In the US, 17101755 MHz and 21102155 MHz will be used instead, as the 1900 MHz band was already utilized. While UMTS2100 is the most widely-deployed UMTS band, some countries' UMTS operators use the 850 MHz and/or 1900 MHz bands (independently, meaning uplink and downlink are within the same band), notably in the US by AT&T Mobility, New Zealand by Telecom New Zealand on the XT Mobile Network and in Australia by Telstra on the Next G network.
W-CDMA is a part of IMT-2000 as IMT Direct Spread.
UTRA-TDD HCR
Main article: UTRA-TDD HCR
UMTS-TDD's air interfaces that use the TD-CDMA channel access technique are standardized as UTRA-TDD HCR, which uses increments of 5 MHz of spectrum, each slice divided into 10ms frames containing fifteen time slots (1500 per second). The time slots (TS) are allocated in fixed percentage for downlink and uplink. TD-CDMA is used to multiplex streams from or to multiple transceivers. Unlike W-CDMA, it does not need separate frequency bands for up- and downstream, allowing deployment in tight frequency bands.
TD-CDMA is a part of IMT-2000 as IMT CDMA TDD.
TD-SCDMA (UTRA-TDD 1.28 Mcps Low Chip Rate)
Main article: TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA uses the TDMA channel access method combined with an adaptive synchronous CDMA component on 1.6 MHz slices of spectrum, allowing deployment in even tighter frequency bands than TD-CDMA. However, the main incentive for development of this Chinese-developed standard was avoiding or reducing the license fees that have to be paid to non-Chinese patent owners. Unlike the other air interfaces, TD-SCDMA was not part of UMTS from the beginning but has been added in Release 4 of the specification.
Like TD-CDMA, it is known as IMT CDMA TDD within IMT-2000.
Radio access network
Main article: UTRAN
UMTS also specifies the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), which is composed of multiple base stations, possibly using different terrestrial air interface standards and frequency bands.
UMTS and GSM/EDGE can share a Core Network (CN), making UTRAN an alternative radio access network to GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN), and allowing (mostly) transparent switching between the RANs according to available coverage and service needs. Because of that, UMTS' and GSM/EDGE's radio access networks are sometimes collectively referred to as UTRAN/GERAN.
UMTS networks are often combined with GSM/EDGE, the later of which is also a part of IMT-2000.
The UE (User Equipment) interface of the RAN (Radio Access Network) primarily consists of RRC (Radio Resource Control), RLC (Radio Link Control) and MAC (Media Access Control
) protocols. RRC protocol handles connection establishment, measurements, radio bearer services, security and handover decisions. RLC protocol primarily divides into three Modes - Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledge Mode (UM), Acknowledge Mode (AM). The functionality of AM entity resembles TCP operation where as UM operation resembles UDP operation. In TM mode, data will be sent to lower layers without adding any header to SDU of higher layers. MAC handles the scheduling of data on air interface depending on higher layer (RRC) configured parameters.
Set of properties related to data transmission is called Radio Bearer (RB). This set of properties will decide the maximum allowed data in a TTI (Transmission Time Interval). RB includes RLC information and RB mapping. RB mapping decides the mapping between RB<->logical channel<->transport channel. Signaling message will be send on Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and data packets (either CS or PS) will be sent on data RBs. RRC and NAS messages will go on SRBs.
Security includes two procedures: integrity and ciphering. Integrity validates the resource of message and also make sure that no one (third/unknown party) on radio interface has not modified message. Ciphering make sure that no one listens your data on air interface. Both integrity and ciphering will be applied for SRBs where as only ciphering will be applied for data RBs.
Core network
Main article: Mobile Application Part
With Mobile Application Part, UMTS uses the same core network standard as GSM/EDGE. This allows a simple migration for exiting GSM operators. However, the migration path to UMTS is still costly: while much of the core infrastructure is shared with GSM, the cost of obtaining new spectrum licenses and overlaying UMTS at existing towers is high.
The CN can be connected to various backbone networks like the Internet, ISDN. UMTS (and GERAN) include the three lowest layers of OSI model. The network layer (OSI 3) includes the Radio Resource Management protocol (RRM) that manages the bearer channels between the mobile terminals and the fixed network, including the handovers.
Spectrum allocation
Main article: UMTS frequency bands
Over 130 licenses have already been awarded to operators worldwide (as of December 2004), specifying W-CDMA radio access technology that builds on GSM. In Europe, the license process occurred at the tail end of the technology bubble, and the auction mechanisms for allocation set up in some countries resulted in some extremely high prices being paid for the original 2100 MHz licenses, notably in the UK and Germany. In Germany, bidders paid a total 50.8 billion for six licenses, two of which were subsequently abandoned and written off by their purchasers (Mobilcom and the Sonera/Telefonica consortium). It has been suggested that these huge license fees have the character of a very large tax paid on future income expected many years down the road. In any event, the high prices paid put some European telecom operators close to bankruptcy (most notably KPN). Over the last few years some operators have written off some or all of the license costs. More recently, a carrier in Finland has begun using 900 MHz UMTS in a shared arrangement with its surrounding 2G GSM base stations, a trend that is expected to expand over Europe in the next 13 years.
The 2100 MHz UMTS spectrum allocated in Europe is already used in North America. The 1900 MHz range is used for 2G (PCS) services, and 2100 MHz range is used for satellite communications. Regulators have, however, freed up some of the 2100 MHz range for 3G services, together with the 1700 MHz for the uplink. UMTS operators in North America who want to implement a European style 2100/1900 MHz system will have to share spectrum with existing 2G services in the 1900 MHz band.
AT&T Wireless launched UMTS services in the United States by the end of 2004 strictly using the existing 1900 MHz spectrum allocated for 2G PCS services. Cingular acquired AT&T Wireless in 2004 and has since then launched UMTS in select US cities. Cingular renamed itself AT&T and is rolling out some cities with a UMTS network at 850 MHz to enhance its existing UMTS network at 1900 MHz and now offers subscribers a number of UMTS 850/1900 phones.
T-Mobile's rollout of UMTS in the US will focus on the 2100/1700 MHz bands, whereas UMTS coverage in Canada is being provided on the 850 MHz band of the Rogers Wireless network. In 2008, Australian telco Telstra replaced its existing CDMA network with a national 3G network, branded as NextG, operating in the 850 MHz band. Telstra currently provides UMTS service on this network, and also on the 2100 MHz UMTS network, through a co-ownership of the owning and administrating company 3GIS. This company is also co-owned by Hutchison 3G Australia, and this is the primary network used by their customers. Optus is currently rolling out a 3G network operating on the 2100 MHz band in cities and most large towns, and the 900 MHz band in regional areas. Vodafone is also building a 3G network using the 900 MHz band. In India BSNL has started its 3G services since October 2009 beginning with the larger cities and then expanding over to smaller cities. The 850 MHz and 900 MHz bands provide greater coverage compared to equivalent 1700/1900/2100 MHz networks, and are best suited to regional areas where greater distances separate subscriber and base station.
Carriers in South America are now also rolling out 850 MHz networks.
Interoperability and global roaming
UMTS phones (and data cards) are highly portablehey have been designed to roam easily onto other UMTS networks (if the providers have roaming agreements in place). In addition, almost all UMTS phones are UMTS/GSM dual-mode devices, so if a UMTS phone travels outside of UMTS coverage during a call the call may be transparently handed off to available GSM coverage. Roaming charges are usually significantly higher than regular usage charges.
Most UMTS licensees consider ubiquitous, transparent global roaming an important issue. To enable a high degree of interoperability, UMTS phones usually support several different frequencies in addition to their GSM fallback. Different countries support different UMTS frequency bands Europe initially used 2100 MHz while the most carriers in the USA use 850Mhz and 1900Mhz. T-mobile has launched a network in the US operating at 1700 MHz (uplink) /2100 MHz (downlink), and these bands are also being adopted elsewhere in the Americas. A UMTS phone and network must support a common frequency to work together. Because of the frequencies used, early models of UMTS phones designated for the United States will likely not be operable elsewhere and vice versa. There are now 11 different frequency combinations used around the worldncluding frequencies formerly used solely for 2G services.
UMTS phones can use a Universal Subscriber Identity Module, USIM (based on GSM's SIM) and also work (including UMTS services) with GSM SIM cards. This is a global standard of identification, and enables a network to identify and authenticate the (U)SIM in the phone. Roaming agreements between networks allow for calls to a customer to be redirected to them while roaming and determine the services (and prices) available to the user. In addition to user subscriber information and authentication information, the (U)SIM provides storage space for phone book contact. Handsets can store their data on their own memory or on the (U)SIM card (which is usually more limited in its phone book contact information). A (U)SIM can be moved to another UMTS or GSM phone, and the phone will take on the user details of the (U)SIM, meaning it is the (U)SIM (not the phone) which determines the phone number of the phone and the billing for calls made from the phone.
Japan was the first country to adopt 3G technologies, and since they had not used GSM previously they had no need to build GSM compatibility into their handsets and their 3G handsets were smaller than those available elsewhere. In 2002, NTT DoCoMo's FOMA 3G network was the first commercial UMTS networksing a pre-release specification, it was initially incompatible with the UMTS standard at the radio level but used standard USIM cards, meaning USIM card based roaming was possible (transferring the USIM card into a UMTS or GSM phone when travelling). Both NTT DoCoMo and SoftBank Mobile (which launched 3G in December 2002) now use standard UMTS.
Handsets and modems
T-Mobile UMTS PC Card modem
The Nokia 6650, an early UMTS handset
All of the major 2G phone manufacturers (that are still in business) are now manufacturers of 3G phones. The early 3G handsets and modems were specific to the frequencies required in their country, which meant they could only roam to other countries on the same 3G frequency (though they can fall back to the older GSM standard). Canada and USA have a common share of frequencies, as do most European countries. The article UMTS frequency bands is an overview of UMTS network frequencies around the world.
Using a cellular router, PCMCIA or USB card, customers are able to access 3G broadband services, regardless of their choice of computer (such as a tablet PC or a PDA). Some software installs itself from the modem, so that in some cases absolutely no knowledge of technology is required to get online in moments. Using a phone that supports 3G and Bluetooth 2.0, multiple Bluetooth-capable laptops can be connected to the Internet. Some smartphones can also act as a mobile WLAN access point.
There are almost no 3G phones or modems available supporting all 3G frequencies (UMTS850/900/1700/1900/2100 MHz). However, many phones are offering more than one band which still enables extensive roaming. For example, a tri-band chipset operating on 850/1900/2100 MHz, such as that found in Apple's iPhone, allows usage in the majority of countries where UMTS-FDD is deployed.
Other competing standards
The main competitor to UMTS is CDMA2000 (IMT-MC), which is developed by the 3GPP2. Unlike UMTS, CDMA2000 is an evolutionary upgrade to an existing 2G standard, cdmaOne, and is able to operate within the same frequency allocations. This and CDMA2000's narrower bandwidth requirements make it easier to deploy in existing spectra. In some, but not all, cases, existing GSM operators only have enough spectrum to implement either UMTS or GSM, not both. For example, in the US D, E, and F PCS spectrum blocks, the amount of spectrum available is 5 MHz in each direction. A standard UMTS system would saturate that spectrum. Where CDMA2000 is deployed, it usually co-exists with UMTS. In many markets however, the co-existence issue is of little relevance, as legislative hurdles exist to co-deploying two standards in the same licensed slice of spectrum.
Another competitor to UMTS is EDGE (IMT-SC), which is an evolutionary upgrade to the 2G GSM system, leveraging existing GSM spectrums. It is also much easier, quicker, and considerably cheaper for wireless carriers to "bolt-on" EDGE functionality by upgrading their existing GSM transmission hardware to support EDGE than having to install almost all brand-new equipment to deliver UMTS. However, being developed by 3GPP just as UMTS, EDGE is not a true competitor. Instead, it is used as a temporary solution preceding UMTS roll-out or as a complement for rural areas. This is facilitated by the fact that GSM/EDGE and UMTS specification are jointly developed and rely on the same core network, allowing dual-mode operation including vertical handovers.
China's TD-SCDMA standard is often seen as a competitor, too. TD-SCDMA has been added to UMTS' Release 4 as UTRA-TDD 1.28 Mcps Low Chip Rate (UTRA-TDD LCR). Unlike TD-CDMA (UTRA-TDD 3.84 Mcps High Chip Rate, UTRA-TDD HCR) which complements W-CDMA (UTRA-FDD), it is suitable for both micro and macro cells. However, the lack of vendors' support is preventing it from being a real competitor.
While DECT is technically capable of competing with UMTS and other cellular networks in densely-populated, urban areas, it has only been deployed for domestic cordless phones and private in-house networks.
All of these competitors have been accepted by ITU as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards, along with UMTS-FDD.
On the Internet access side, competing systems include WiMAX and Flash-OFDM.
Migrating from GPRS to UMTS
From GPRS network, the following network elements can be reused:
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC) (vendor dependent)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) (vendor dependent)
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
From Global Service for Mobile (GSM) communication radio network, the following elements cannot be reused
Base station controller (BSC)
Base transceiver station (BTS)
They can remain in the network and be used in dual network operation where 2G and 3G networks co-exist while network migration and new 3G terminals become available for use in the network.
The UMTS network introduces new network elements that function as specified by 3GPP:
Node B (base station)
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
Media Gateway (MGW)
The functionality of MSC and SGSN changes when going to UMTS. In a GSM system the MSC handles all the circuit switched operations like connecting A- and B-subscriber through the network. SGSN handles all the packet switched operations and transfers all the data in the network. In UMTS the Media gateway (MGW) take care of all data transfer in both circuit and packet switched networks. MSC and SGSN control MGW operations. The nodes are renamed to MSC-server and GSN-server.
Problems and issues
Some countries, including the United States and Japan, have allocated spectrum differently from the ITU recommendations, so that the standard bands most commonly used for UMTS (UMTS-2100) have not been available. In those countries, alternative bands are used, preventing the interoperability of existing UMTS-2100 equipment, and requiring the design and manufacture of different equipment for the use in these markets. As is the case with GSM900 today, standard UMTS 2100 MHz equipment will not work in those markets. However, it appears as though UMTS is not suffering as much from handset band compatibility issues as GSM did, as many UMTS handsets are multi-band in both UMTS and GSM modes. Quad-band GSM (850, 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz bands) and tri-band UMTS (850, 1900, and 2100 MHz bands) handsets are becoming more commonplace.
The early days of UMTS saw rollout hitches in many countries. Overweight handsets with poor battery life were first to arrive on a market highly sensitive to weight and form factor. The Motorola A830, a debut handset on Hutchison's 3 network, weighed more than 200 grams and even featured a detachable camera to reduce handset weight. Another significant issue involved call reliability, related to problems with handover from UMTS to GSM. Customers found their connections being dropped as handovers were possible only in one direction (UMTS GSM), with the handset only changing back to UMTS after hanging up. In most networks around the world this is no longer an issue.
Compared to GSM, UMTS networks initially required a higher base station density. For fully-fledged UMTS incorporating video on demand features, one base station needed to be set up every 11.5 km (0.620.93 mi). This was the case when only the 2100 MHz band was being used, however with the growing use of lower-frequency bands (such as 850 and 900 MHz) this is no longer so. This has led to increasing rollout of the lower-band networks by operators since 2006.
Even with current technologies and low-band UMTS, telephony and data over UMTS is still more power intensive than on comparable GSM networks. Apple, Inc. cited UMTS power consumption as the reason that the first generation iPhone only supported EDGE. Their release of the iPhone 3G quotes talk time on UMTS as half that available when the handset is set to use GSM. As battery and network technology improves, this issue is diminishing
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UMTS, using W-CDMA, supports maximum theoretical data transfer rates of 21 Mbit/s (with HSDPA), although at the moment users in deployed networks can expect a transfer rate of up to 384 kbit/s for R99 handsets, and 7.2 Mbit/s for HSDPA handsets in the downlink connection. This is still much greater than the 9.6 kbit/s of a single GSM error-corrected circuit switched data channel or multiple 9.6 kbit/s channels in HSCSD (14.4 kbit/s for CDMAOne), andn competition to other network technologies such as CDMA2000, PHS or WLANffers access to the World Wide Web and other data services on mobile devices.
Precursors to 3G are 2G mobile telephony systems, such as GSM, IS-95, PDC, CDMA PHS and other 2G technologies deployed in different countries. In the case of GSM, there is an evolution path from 2G, to GPRS, also known as 2.5G. GPRS supports a much better data rate (up to a theoretical maximum of 140.8 kbit/s, though typical rates are closer to 56 kbit/s) and is packet switched rather than connection oriented (circuit switched). It is deployed in many places where GSM is used. E-GPRS, or EDGE, is a further evolution of GPRS and is based on more modern coding schemes. With EDGE the actual packet data rates can reach around 180 kbit/s (effective). EDGE systems are often referred as "2.75G Systems".
Since 2006, UMTS networks in many countries have been or are in the process of being upgraded with High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), sometimes known as 3.5G. Currently, HSDPA enables downlink transfer speeds of up to 21 Mbit/s. Work is also progressing on improving the uplink transfer speed with the High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). Longer term, the 3GPP Long Term Evolution project plans to move UMTS to 4G speeds of 100 Mbit/s down and 50 Mbit/s up, using a next generation air interface technology based upon Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing.
The first national consumer UMTS networks launched in 2002 with a heavy emphasis on telco-provided mobile applications such as mobile TV and video calling. The high data speeds of UMTS are now most often utilised for Internet access: experience in Japan and elsewhere has shown that user demand for video calls is not high, and telco-provided audio/video content has declined in popularity in favour of high-speed access to the World Wide Web - either directly on a handset or connected to a computer via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Infrared or USB.
Technology
UMTS combines three different air interfaces, GSM's Mobile Application Part (MAP) core, and the GSM family of speech codecs.
Air interfaces
UMTS provides several different terrestrial air interfaces, called UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). All air interface options are part of ITU's IMT-2000. In the currently most popular variant for cellular mobile telephones, W-CDMA (IMT Direct Spread) is used.
Please note that the terms W-CDMA, TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA are misleading. While they suggest covering just a channel access method (namely a variant of CDMA), they are actually the common names for the whole air interface standards.
Non-terrestrial radio access networks are currently under research.
W-CDMA (UTRA-FDD)
Main article: W-CDMA (UMTS)
UMTS transmitter on the roof of a building
W-CDMA uses the DS-CDMA channel access method with a pair of 5 MHz channels. In contrast, the competing CDMA2000 system uses one or more arbitrary 1.25 MHz channels for each direction of communication. W-CDMA systems are widely criticized for their large spectrum usage, which has delayed deployment in countries that acted relatively slowly in allocating new frequencies specifically for 3G services (such as the United States).
The specific frequency bands originally defined by the UMTS standard are 18852025 MHz for the mobile-to-base (uplink) and 21102200 MHz for the base-to-mobile (downlink). In the US, 17101755 MHz and 21102155 MHz will be used instead, as the 1900 MHz band was already utilized. While UMTS2100 is the most widely-deployed UMTS band, some countries' UMTS operators use the 850 MHz and/or 1900 MHz bands (independently, meaning uplink and downlink are within the same band), notably in the US by AT&T Mobility, New Zealand by Telecom New Zealand on the XT Mobile Network and in Australia by Telstra on the Next G network.
W-CDMA is a part of IMT-2000 as IMT Direct Spread.
UTRA-TDD HCR
Main article: UTRA-TDD HCR
UMTS-TDD's air interfaces that use the TD-CDMA channel access technique are standardized as UTRA-TDD HCR, which uses increments of 5 MHz of spectrum, each slice divided into 10ms frames containing fifteen time slots (1500 per second). The time slots (TS) are allocated in fixed percentage for downlink and uplink. TD-CDMA is used to multiplex streams from or to multiple transceivers. Unlike W-CDMA, it does not need separate frequency bands for up- and downstream, allowing deployment in tight frequency bands.
TD-CDMA is a part of IMT-2000 as IMT CDMA TDD.
TD-SCDMA (UTRA-TDD 1.28 Mcps Low Chip Rate)
Main article: TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA uses the TDMA channel access method combined with an adaptive synchronous CDMA component on 1.6 MHz slices of spectrum, allowing deployment in even tighter frequency bands than TD-CDMA. However, the main incentive for development of this Chinese-developed standard was avoiding or reducing the license fees that have to be paid to non-Chinese patent owners. Unlike the other air interfaces, TD-SCDMA was not part of UMTS from the beginning but has been added in Release 4 of the specification.
Like TD-CDMA, it is known as IMT CDMA TDD within IMT-2000.
Radio access network
Main article: UTRAN
UMTS also specifies the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), which is composed of multiple base stations, possibly using different terrestrial air interface standards and frequency bands.
UMTS and GSM/EDGE can share a Core Network (CN), making UTRAN an alternative radio access network to GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN), and allowing (mostly) transparent switching between the RANs according to available coverage and service needs. Because of that, UMTS' and GSM/EDGE's radio access networks are sometimes collectively referred to as UTRAN/GERAN.
UMTS networks are often combined with GSM/EDGE, the later of which is also a part of IMT-2000.
The UE (User Equipment) interface of the RAN (Radio Access Network) primarily consists of RRC (Radio Resource Control), RLC (Radio Link Control) and MAC (Media Access Control
) protocols. RRC protocol handles connection establishment, measurements, radio bearer services, security and handover decisions. RLC protocol primarily divides into three Modes - Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledge Mode (UM), Acknowledge Mode (AM). The functionality of AM entity resembles TCP operation where as UM operation resembles UDP operation. In TM mode, data will be sent to lower layers without adding any header to SDU of higher layers. MAC handles the scheduling of data on air interface depending on higher layer (RRC) configured parameters.
Set of properties related to data transmission is called Radio Bearer (RB). This set of properties will decide the maximum allowed data in a TTI (Transmission Time Interval). RB includes RLC information and RB mapping. RB mapping decides the mapping between RB<->logical channel<->transport channel. Signaling message will be send on Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and data packets (either CS or PS) will be sent on data RBs. RRC and NAS messages will go on SRBs.
Security includes two procedures: integrity and ciphering. Integrity validates the resource of message and also make sure that no one (third/unknown party) on radio interface has not modified message. Ciphering make sure that no one listens your data on air interface. Both integrity and ciphering will be applied for SRBs where as only ciphering will be applied for data RBs.
Core network
Main article: Mobile Application Part
With Mobile Application Part, UMTS uses the same core network standard as GSM/EDGE. This allows a simple migration for exiting GSM operators. However, the migration path to UMTS is still costly: while much of the core infrastructure is shared with GSM, the cost of obtaining new spectrum licenses and overlaying UMTS at existing towers is high.
The CN can be connected to various backbone networks like the Internet, ISDN. UMTS (and GERAN) include the three lowest layers of OSI model. The network layer (OSI 3) includes the Radio Resource Management protocol (RRM) that manages the bearer channels between the mobile terminals and the fixed network, including the handovers.
Spectrum allocation
Main article: UMTS frequency bands
Over 130 licenses have already been awarded to operators worldwide (as of December 2004), specifying W-CDMA radio access technology that builds on GSM. In Europe, the license process occurred at the tail end of the technology bubble, and the auction mechanisms for allocation set up in some countries resulted in some extremely high prices being paid for the original 2100 MHz licenses, notably in the UK and Germany. In Germany, bidders paid a total 50.8 billion for six licenses, two of which were subsequently abandoned and written off by their purchasers (Mobilcom and the Sonera/Telefonica consortium). It has been suggested that these huge license fees have the character of a very large tax paid on future income expected many years down the road. In any event, the high prices paid put some European telecom operators close to bankruptcy (most notably KPN). Over the last few years some operators have written off some or all of the license costs. More recently, a carrier in Finland has begun using 900 MHz UMTS in a shared arrangement with its surrounding 2G GSM base stations, a trend that is expected to expand over Europe in the next 13 years.
The 2100 MHz UMTS spectrum allocated in Europe is already used in North America. The 1900 MHz range is used for 2G (PCS) services, and 2100 MHz range is used for satellite communications. Regulators have, however, freed up some of the 2100 MHz range for 3G services, together with the 1700 MHz for the uplink. UMTS operators in North America who want to implement a European style 2100/1900 MHz system will have to share spectrum with existing 2G services in the 1900 MHz band.
AT&T Wireless launched UMTS services in the United States by the end of 2004 strictly using the existing 1900 MHz spectrum allocated for 2G PCS services. Cingular acquired AT&T Wireless in 2004 and has since then launched UMTS in select US cities. Cingular renamed itself AT&T and is rolling out some cities with a UMTS network at 850 MHz to enhance its existing UMTS network at 1900 MHz and now offers subscribers a number of UMTS 850/1900 phones.
T-Mobile's rollout of UMTS in the US will focus on the 2100/1700 MHz bands, whereas UMTS coverage in Canada is being provided on the 850 MHz band of the Rogers Wireless network. In 2008, Australian telco Telstra replaced its existing CDMA network with a national 3G network, branded as NextG, operating in the 850 MHz band. Telstra currently provides UMTS service on this network, and also on the 2100 MHz UMTS network, through a co-ownership of the owning and administrating company 3GIS. This company is also co-owned by Hutchison 3G Australia, and this is the primary network used by their customers. Optus is currently rolling out a 3G network operating on the 2100 MHz band in cities and most large towns, and the 900 MHz band in regional areas. Vodafone is also building a 3G network using the 900 MHz band. In India BSNL has started its 3G services since October 2009 beginning with the larger cities and then expanding over to smaller cities. The 850 MHz and 900 MHz bands provide greater coverage compared to equivalent 1700/1900/2100 MHz networks, and are best suited to regional areas where greater distances separate subscriber and base station.
Carriers in South America are now also rolling out 850 MHz networks.
Interoperability and global roaming
UMTS phones (and data cards) are highly portablehey have been designed to roam easily onto other UMTS networks (if the providers have roaming agreements in place). In addition, almost all UMTS phones are UMTS/GSM dual-mode devices, so if a UMTS phone travels outside of UMTS coverage during a call the call may be transparently handed off to available GSM coverage. Roaming charges are usually significantly higher than regular usage charges.
Most UMTS licensees consider ubiquitous, transparent global roaming an important issue. To enable a high degree of interoperability, UMTS phones usually support several different frequencies in addition to their GSM fallback. Different countries support different UMTS frequency bands Europe initially used 2100 MHz while the most carriers in the USA use 850Mhz and 1900Mhz. T-mobile has launched a network in the US operating at 1700 MHz (uplink) /2100 MHz (downlink), and these bands are also being adopted elsewhere in the Americas. A UMTS phone and network must support a common frequency to work together. Because of the frequencies used, early models of UMTS phones designated for the United States will likely not be operable elsewhere and vice versa. There are now 11 different frequency combinations used around the worldncluding frequencies formerly used solely for 2G services.
UMTS phones can use a Universal Subscriber Identity Module, USIM (based on GSM's SIM) and also work (including UMTS services) with GSM SIM cards. This is a global standard of identification, and enables a network to identify and authenticate the (U)SIM in the phone. Roaming agreements between networks allow for calls to a customer to be redirected to them while roaming and determine the services (and prices) available to the user. In addition to user subscriber information and authentication information, the (U)SIM provides storage space for phone book contact. Handsets can store their data on their own memory or on the (U)SIM card (which is usually more limited in its phone book contact information). A (U)SIM can be moved to another UMTS or GSM phone, and the phone will take on the user details of the (U)SIM, meaning it is the (U)SIM (not the phone) which determines the phone number of the phone and the billing for calls made from the phone.
Japan was the first country to adopt 3G technologies, and since they had not used GSM previously they had no need to build GSM compatibility into their handsets and their 3G handsets were smaller than those available elsewhere. In 2002, NTT DoCoMo's FOMA 3G network was the first commercial UMTS networksing a pre-release specification, it was initially incompatible with the UMTS standard at the radio level but used standard USIM cards, meaning USIM card based roaming was possible (transferring the USIM card into a UMTS or GSM phone when travelling). Both NTT DoCoMo and SoftBank Mobile (which launched 3G in December 2002) now use standard UMTS.
Handsets and modems
T-Mobile UMTS PC Card modem
The Nokia 6650, an early UMTS handset
All of the major 2G phone manufacturers (that are still in business) are now manufacturers of 3G phones. The early 3G handsets and modems were specific to the frequencies required in their country, which meant they could only roam to other countries on the same 3G frequency (though they can fall back to the older GSM standard). Canada and USA have a common share of frequencies, as do most European countries. The article UMTS frequency bands is an overview of UMTS network frequencies around the world.
Using a cellular router, PCMCIA or USB card, customers are able to access 3G broadband services, regardless of their choice of computer (such as a tablet PC or a PDA). Some software installs itself from the modem, so that in some cases absolutely no knowledge of technology is required to get online in moments. Using a phone that supports 3G and Bluetooth 2.0, multiple Bluetooth-capable laptops can be connected to the Internet. Some smartphones can also act as a mobile WLAN access point.
There are almost no 3G phones or modems available supporting all 3G frequencies (UMTS850/900/1700/1900/2100 MHz). However, many phones are offering more than one band which still enables extensive roaming. For example, a tri-band chipset operating on 850/1900/2100 MHz, such as that found in Apple's iPhone, allows usage in the majority of countries where UMTS-FDD is deployed.
Other competing standards
The main competitor to UMTS is CDMA2000 (IMT-MC), which is developed by the 3GPP2. Unlike UMTS, CDMA2000 is an evolutionary upgrade to an existing 2G standard, cdmaOne, and is able to operate within the same frequency allocations. This and CDMA2000's narrower bandwidth requirements make it easier to deploy in existing spectra. In some, but not all, cases, existing GSM operators only have enough spectrum to implement either UMTS or GSM, not both. For example, in the US D, E, and F PCS spectrum blocks, the amount of spectrum available is 5 MHz in each direction. A standard UMTS system would saturate that spectrum. Where CDMA2000 is deployed, it usually co-exists with UMTS. In many markets however, the co-existence issue is of little relevance, as legislative hurdles exist to co-deploying two standards in the same licensed slice of spectrum.
Another competitor to UMTS is EDGE (IMT-SC), which is an evolutionary upgrade to the 2G GSM system, leveraging existing GSM spectrums. It is also much easier, quicker, and considerably cheaper for wireless carriers to "bolt-on" EDGE functionality by upgrading their existing GSM transmission hardware to support EDGE than having to install almost all brand-new equipment to deliver UMTS. However, being developed by 3GPP just as UMTS, EDGE is not a true competitor. Instead, it is used as a temporary solution preceding UMTS roll-out or as a complement for rural areas. This is facilitated by the fact that GSM/EDGE and UMTS specification are jointly developed and rely on the same core network, allowing dual-mode operation including vertical handovers.
China's TD-SCDMA standard is often seen as a competitor, too. TD-SCDMA has been added to UMTS' Release 4 as UTRA-TDD 1.28 Mcps Low Chip Rate (UTRA-TDD LCR). Unlike TD-CDMA (UTRA-TDD 3.84 Mcps High Chip Rate, UTRA-TDD HCR) which complements W-CDMA (UTRA-FDD), it is suitable for both micro and macro cells. However, the lack of vendors' support is preventing it from being a real competitor.
While DECT is technically capable of competing with UMTS and other cellular networks in densely-populated, urban areas, it has only been deployed for domestic cordless phones and private in-house networks.
All of these competitors have been accepted by ITU as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards, along with UMTS-FDD.
On the Internet access side, competing systems include WiMAX and Flash-OFDM.
Migrating from GPRS to UMTS
From GPRS network, the following network elements can be reused:
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC) (vendor dependent)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) (vendor dependent)
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
From Global Service for Mobile (GSM) communication radio network, the following elements cannot be reused
Base station controller (BSC)
Base transceiver station (BTS)
They can remain in the network and be used in dual network operation where 2G and 3G networks co-exist while network migration and new 3G terminals become available for use in the network.
The UMTS network introduces new network elements that function as specified by 3GPP:
Node B (base station)
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
Media Gateway (MGW)
The functionality of MSC and SGSN changes when going to UMTS. In a GSM system the MSC handles all the circuit switched operations like connecting A- and B-subscriber through the network. SGSN handles all the packet switched operations and transfers all the data in the network. In UMTS the Media gateway (MGW) take care of all data transfer in both circuit and packet switched networks. MSC and SGSN control MGW operations. The nodes are renamed to MSC-server and GSN-server.
Problems and issues
Some countries, including the United States and Japan, have allocated spectrum differently from the ITU recommendations, so that the standard bands most commonly used for UMTS (UMTS-2100) have not been available. In those countries, alternative bands are used, preventing the interoperability of existing UMTS-2100 equipment, and requiring the design and manufacture of different equipment for the use in these markets. As is the case with GSM900 today, standard UMTS 2100 MHz equipment will not work in those markets. However, it appears as though UMTS is not suffering as much from handset band compatibility issues as GSM did, as many UMTS handsets are multi-band in both UMTS and GSM modes. Quad-band GSM (850, 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz bands) and tri-band UMTS (850, 1900, and 2100 MHz bands) handsets are becoming more commonplace.
The early days of UMTS saw rollout hitches in many countries. Overweight handsets with poor battery life were first to arrive on a market highly sensitive to weight and form factor. The Motorola A830, a debut handset on Hutchison's 3 network, weighed more than 200 grams and even featured a detachable camera to reduce handset weight. Another significant issue involved call reliability, related to problems with handover from UMTS to GSM. Customers found their connections being dropped as handovers were possible only in one direction (UMTS GSM), with the handset only changing back to UMTS after hanging up. In most networks around the world this is no longer an issue.
Compared to GSM, UMTS networks initially required a higher base station density. For fully-fledged UMTS incorporating video on demand features, one base station needed to be set up every 11.5 km (0.620.93 mi). This was the case when only the 2100 MHz band was being used, however with the growing use of lower-frequency bands (such as 850 and 900 MHz) this is no longer so. This has led to increasing rollout of the lower-band networks by operators since 2006.
Even with current technologies and low-band UMTS, telephony and data over UMTS is still more power intensive than on comparable GSM networks. Apple, Inc. cited UMTS power consumption as the reason that the first generation iPhone only supported EDGE. Their release of the iPhone 3G quotes talk time on UMTS as half that available when the handset is set to use GSM. As battery and network technology improves, this issue is diminishing
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/universal-mobile-telecommunications-system-2851212.html#ixzz0u5SnoAu2
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Robert Adler
Achievements
Adler was born in [[Vienna)1913. He earned a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Vienna in 1937. After emigrating to the United States, he began working at Zenith Electronics in the research division in 1941. In his lifetime, Adler was granted 58 US patents.
Contributions to the remote control
The invention Adler is best known for is the wireless remote control for televisions. While not the first remote control, its underlying technology was a vast improvement over previous remote control systems.
The "Flashmatic" remote control, invented by Eugene Polley, another engineer at Zenith, was the first wireless remote control, replacing the signal cable based remote control devices, which never were a success. The Flashmatic used directional flashlight in the transmitter device, and photo cells in the television set itself. One of the major shortcomings of this technology was that if the television set was exposed to direct sunlight, it could inadvertently trigger one of the remote control functions. The company president sent the engineers back to the drawing board to come up with a better solution.
A Zenith Space Commander 600 remote control.
A system based on radio waves was briefly considered but rejected because the signals could easily travel through walls and could inadvertently change the channel on a neighbor's television. Furthermore, the marketing people at Zenith desired a remote control which did not require batteries, as it was perceived at the time that if the battery died, the customer might think something was wrong with the television set itself.
Adler's solution was to use sound waves to transmit signals to the TV. The first remote control he developed, the "Space Command", used aluminum rods, analogous to tuning forks, struck by hammers toggled by the buttons on the device, to produce high-frequency tones that would be interpreted to control functions on the television set.
In the 1960s, Adler modified the remote control to use ultrasonic signals, a technology which went on to be used in television sets manufactured for the next 25 years, until replaced by infrared systems which could transmit more complex commands (but, alas, require batteries to run).
Professional accomplishments
By the time of his retirement from Zenith, officially in 1982, Adler was the company's Vice President and Director of Research. He remained a technical advisor to Zenith until 1999. In 1980, Adler was awarded the IEEE's Edison Medal. In 1997, Adler and Polley were jointly awarded an Emmy Award by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Adler's latest patent application was filed on October 6, 2006 for work on touch-screen technology .
Death
Robert Adler died in a Boise, Idaho nursing home of heart failure at age 94.
External links
Inventor of the Week Archive - Robert Adler
Robert Adler: Biography of the Inventor Who Made Life Easier for Couch Potatoes
Man who glued TV watchers to the couch dies
The Inventor Who Deserves a Sitting Ovation - The Washington Post
Robert Adler, 94; Engineer, Co-Inventor of TV Remote Control - The Washington Post
Obituary, The Independent, 22 February 2007
Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 13 March 2007
Obituary and Archive of American Television interview description
Biography from IEEE
v d e
IEEE Edison Medal
1976-2000
Murray Joslin (1976) Henri Busignies (1977) Daniel E. Noble (1978) Albert Rose (1979) Robert Adler (1980) C. Chapin Cutler (1981) Nathan Cohn (1982) Herman P. Schwan (1983) Eugene I. Gordon (1984) John D. Kraus (1985) James L. Flanagan (1986) Robert A. Henle (1987) James Ross MacDonald (1988) Nick Holonyak, Jr. (1989) Archie W. Straiton (1990) John Louis Moll (1991) George D. Forney (1992) James H. Pomerene (1993) Leslie A. Geddes (1994) Robert W. Lucky (1995) Floyd Dunn (1996) Esther M. Conwell (1997) Rolf Landauer (1998) Kees Schouhamer Immink (1999) Jun-ichi Nishizawa (2000)
Complete roster: 19091925 19261950 19511975 19762000 2001resent
Categories: 1913 births | 2007 deaths | Austrian Jews | American inventors | American businesspeople | Emmy Award winners | People from Vienna | National Inventors Hall of Fame inductees | IEEE Edison Medal recipients | Deaths from heart failure | Jewish inventors
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/robert-adler-2851219.html#ixzz0u5SIv993
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Adler was born in [[Vienna)1913. He earned a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Vienna in 1937. After emigrating to the United States, he began working at Zenith Electronics in the research division in 1941. In his lifetime, Adler was granted 58 US patents.
Contributions to the remote control
The invention Adler is best known for is the wireless remote control for televisions. While not the first remote control, its underlying technology was a vast improvement over previous remote control systems.
The "Flashmatic" remote control, invented by Eugene Polley, another engineer at Zenith, was the first wireless remote control, replacing the signal cable based remote control devices, which never were a success. The Flashmatic used directional flashlight in the transmitter device, and photo cells in the television set itself. One of the major shortcomings of this technology was that if the television set was exposed to direct sunlight, it could inadvertently trigger one of the remote control functions. The company president sent the engineers back to the drawing board to come up with a better solution.
A Zenith Space Commander 600 remote control.
A system based on radio waves was briefly considered but rejected because the signals could easily travel through walls and could inadvertently change the channel on a neighbor's television. Furthermore, the marketing people at Zenith desired a remote control which did not require batteries, as it was perceived at the time that if the battery died, the customer might think something was wrong with the television set itself.
Adler's solution was to use sound waves to transmit signals to the TV. The first remote control he developed, the "Space Command", used aluminum rods, analogous to tuning forks, struck by hammers toggled by the buttons on the device, to produce high-frequency tones that would be interpreted to control functions on the television set.
In the 1960s, Adler modified the remote control to use ultrasonic signals, a technology which went on to be used in television sets manufactured for the next 25 years, until replaced by infrared systems which could transmit more complex commands (but, alas, require batteries to run).
Professional accomplishments
By the time of his retirement from Zenith, officially in 1982, Adler was the company's Vice President and Director of Research. He remained a technical advisor to Zenith until 1999. In 1980, Adler was awarded the IEEE's Edison Medal. In 1997, Adler and Polley were jointly awarded an Emmy Award by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Adler's latest patent application was filed on October 6, 2006 for work on touch-screen technology .
Death
Robert Adler died in a Boise, Idaho nursing home of heart failure at age 94.
External links
Inventor of the Week Archive - Robert Adler
Robert Adler: Biography of the Inventor Who Made Life Easier for Couch Potatoes
Man who glued TV watchers to the couch dies
The Inventor Who Deserves a Sitting Ovation - The Washington Post
Robert Adler, 94; Engineer, Co-Inventor of TV Remote Control - The Washington Post
Obituary, The Independent, 22 February 2007
Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 13 March 2007
Obituary and Archive of American Television interview description
Biography from IEEE
v d e
IEEE Edison Medal
1976-2000
Murray Joslin (1976) Henri Busignies (1977) Daniel E. Noble (1978) Albert Rose (1979) Robert Adler (1980) C. Chapin Cutler (1981) Nathan Cohn (1982) Herman P. Schwan (1983) Eugene I. Gordon (1984) John D. Kraus (1985) James L. Flanagan (1986) Robert A. Henle (1987) James Ross MacDonald (1988) Nick Holonyak, Jr. (1989) Archie W. Straiton (1990) John Louis Moll (1991) George D. Forney (1992) James H. Pomerene (1993) Leslie A. Geddes (1994) Robert W. Lucky (1995) Floyd Dunn (1996) Esther M. Conwell (1997) Rolf Landauer (1998) Kees Schouhamer Immink (1999) Jun-ichi Nishizawa (2000)
Complete roster: 19091925 19261950 19511975 19762000 2001resent
Categories: 1913 births | 2007 deaths | Austrian Jews | American inventors | American businesspeople | Emmy Award winners | People from Vienna | National Inventors Hall of Fame inductees | IEEE Edison Medal recipients | Deaths from heart failure | Jewish inventors
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/robert-adler-2851219.html#ixzz0u5SIv993
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Suggestions On How To Choose French Crockery
If you love to entertain guests in your home then you will need to ensure that you have more than excellent cooking skills to be certain that the meals go well; the crockery you use is equally as important. If you were to opt for French crockery then you will have add a chic and stylish appearance to your table and overall presentation.
When we go to the effort of preparing and cooking a meal for guests it is important that we consider all aspects of the arrangements. Of course selecting the right food is essential, but you also need to create an atmosphere which is relaxed and yet suitable for your status and tastes. French crockery has a look that is distinguished and original. It fulfills its practical purpose while also bringing a refined elegant feel to the occasion.
Getting hold of the latest designs and products does not require a flight to Charles de Gaulle airport, today there are a wide variety of options available at the click of your mouse or in your local department store. http://olipol-home.blogspot.com/
Buying tableware is not a difficult task. The only issue is choosing a style which compliments your culinary skills and dining room decor. Today many of us are finding it far easier to compare a wide range of options online. Not only is this seen as being more convenient and flexible it is also a means to find French crockery sets and other niche items at an excellent price. You could even check out sites such as Ebay to make a private purchase.
Before you settle on a specific option you need to understand whether it is an original product or a mass produced replica. This will depend upon the manufacturer. The price of French crockery can vary immensely. There are economical sets available that can be had for less than thirty dollars, but also there are designer and rare options that are sold for hundreds of dollars. It is up to you how much you are willing to invest, be warned that the cheap tableware may not have been made with such a high quality finish.
It is important to think about how many pieces of crockery you need to get hold of. Always buy extra were possible as unfortunately breakages can occur.
The websites that sell French crockery may also be able to provide you with other French themed home accessories, for example how about choosing a lacy table cloth and valances to add to the overall effect. For a romantic evening you could also choose a French styled candlestick holder to create the perfect atmosphere.
Shopping for French styled crockery should be thought of as an enjoyable experience. Whatever products you buy will help add to the elegance of your home. Before you place an order online make sure that you understand any hidden charges; shipping costs will vary depending upon your location. Also, study the retailers return policy in case you are not happy with the goods.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/suggestions-on-how-to-choose-french-crockery-2851338.html#ixzz0u5S5SZbk
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
When we go to the effort of preparing and cooking a meal for guests it is important that we consider all aspects of the arrangements. Of course selecting the right food is essential, but you also need to create an atmosphere which is relaxed and yet suitable for your status and tastes. French crockery has a look that is distinguished and original. It fulfills its practical purpose while also bringing a refined elegant feel to the occasion.
Getting hold of the latest designs and products does not require a flight to Charles de Gaulle airport, today there are a wide variety of options available at the click of your mouse or in your local department store. http://olipol-home.blogspot.com/
Buying tableware is not a difficult task. The only issue is choosing a style which compliments your culinary skills and dining room decor. Today many of us are finding it far easier to compare a wide range of options online. Not only is this seen as being more convenient and flexible it is also a means to find French crockery sets and other niche items at an excellent price. You could even check out sites such as Ebay to make a private purchase.
Before you settle on a specific option you need to understand whether it is an original product or a mass produced replica. This will depend upon the manufacturer. The price of French crockery can vary immensely. There are economical sets available that can be had for less than thirty dollars, but also there are designer and rare options that are sold for hundreds of dollars. It is up to you how much you are willing to invest, be warned that the cheap tableware may not have been made with such a high quality finish.
It is important to think about how many pieces of crockery you need to get hold of. Always buy extra were possible as unfortunately breakages can occur.
The websites that sell French crockery may also be able to provide you with other French themed home accessories, for example how about choosing a lacy table cloth and valances to add to the overall effect. For a romantic evening you could also choose a French styled candlestick holder to create the perfect atmosphere.
Shopping for French styled crockery should be thought of as an enjoyable experience. Whatever products you buy will help add to the elegance of your home. Before you place an order online make sure that you understand any hidden charges; shipping costs will vary depending upon your location. Also, study the retailers return policy in case you are not happy with the goods.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/suggestions-on-how-to-choose-french-crockery-2851338.html#ixzz0u5S5SZbk
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Writing for the User and the Search Engines!
Writing is something many of us really don't enjoy and most of us don't think we can write worth a hoot anyway. Writing the latest best seller novel isn't something that is regarded as one of our top priorities of doing today either. However, writing can become your next best friend especially if you're in business on the internet. Writing doesn't come natural for most of us and is an art and science that must be learned. The internet is all about information and writing is one way you can get your message to the masses who may be interested in your products or services.
When I'm helping people online become successful marketers one of the most important things I stress to my students is they must learn to write. How do you do that without having to go back to college and take a class in writing? I tell all my students "you learn to write by writing." If you write from the heart and write like you talk your message will be heard loud and clear by your readers.
Your writings whether in an email, copy in your website or an information article, put your thoughts in simple and plain language that readers will feel comfortable reading. Forget the big fancy words that many writers use trying to impress their reading audience about how smart they think they are. Be straight forward, truthful and above all be passionate and well informed about your subject matter. Using language that is questionable and rambling will be a turnoff to most readers. Keep it short and simple, yet informative.
Keep your writings to a reading level that will reach the greatest number of readers. The average working individual is who you're going to be writing for. Those who are technical and think they know everything already probably won't be interested in your writings anyway. Writing information that is above the reading potential and comprehension is of absolutely no value to you or the reader.
Capturing your reader's attention should be accomplished early on in your writings. The title is important and must contain at least a couple of keywords about your opportunity. Short titles may not give your reading audience enough information to make a choice of whether to read more of your article or click off and go somewhere else. On the other hand having your title to long will be nothing more than overkill. Try to word your title and capture the reader's attention quickly and make them want to know more about your information and your opinion on a particular subject matter.
The title is the first and sometimes the last thing your reader even remembers about your article so it must be powerful and compelling. You want your reader to be smitten to read more about what's in your writing. You must create a suspense that can be answered in a few short sentences in your writings not a lengthy autobiography. You must spark an interest and maintain their attention quickly or the reader will simply click off your information and go to their next item of interest.
Not only is it important to capture the reader's attention but it imperative to get the attention of the search engines so your page will be ranked high when a user queries your particular subject matter. Your goal in writing is to get the search engines and users alike to look for your information. This is done by writing good keyword rich relevant content and posting your opportunity correctly online. By writing with about a 3 to 5% keyword to content ratio you will fulfill the needs of the search engines and the user without appearing to be spamming either of them. If you need help with this process, contact an optimization specialist and learn to do it correctly. Avoid spam at all cost you'll be glad you did.
Writing for success on the internet is much different than writing a book. Keep you paragraphs short and concise. Forget all hype, smoke and mirrors and tell it just like it is.
Make it simple for your readers to scan read if possible. Many online readers will merely scan the article to see if there is something they need to look at closer. Make it simple for them to catch the high points of your story and make it appealing enough for them to come back and read your article in more detail. Writing in small chunks will make it easier for all of your readers to follow and understand what you're trying to convey in your writing.
Having the last paragraph of your article as the conclusion paragraph is an excellent way to have a quick summary for this type of reading audience. This will also indelibly burn the subject matter of your writing into the minds of your average reader. Make it short and sweet covering the high points of your article and don't make it appear your re-writing the article.
Writing is a process that must be learned, developed and practiced on a regular basis. Since the internet is all about information, this is a natural way to promote your product or service for the world to see. You might want to consider adding your own article directory into your own marketing system.
The eBiz Solutions Team is standing by to assist you in adding your own personal article directory in your system today. Call us for your free 30 minute "no obligation" consultation.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/writing-for-the-user-and-the-search-engines-2851398.html#ixzz0u5RheKSi
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
When I'm helping people online become successful marketers one of the most important things I stress to my students is they must learn to write. How do you do that without having to go back to college and take a class in writing? I tell all my students "you learn to write by writing." If you write from the heart and write like you talk your message will be heard loud and clear by your readers.
Your writings whether in an email, copy in your website or an information article, put your thoughts in simple and plain language that readers will feel comfortable reading. Forget the big fancy words that many writers use trying to impress their reading audience about how smart they think they are. Be straight forward, truthful and above all be passionate and well informed about your subject matter. Using language that is questionable and rambling will be a turnoff to most readers. Keep it short and simple, yet informative.
Keep your writings to a reading level that will reach the greatest number of readers. The average working individual is who you're going to be writing for. Those who are technical and think they know everything already probably won't be interested in your writings anyway. Writing information that is above the reading potential and comprehension is of absolutely no value to you or the reader.
Capturing your reader's attention should be accomplished early on in your writings. The title is important and must contain at least a couple of keywords about your opportunity. Short titles may not give your reading audience enough information to make a choice of whether to read more of your article or click off and go somewhere else. On the other hand having your title to long will be nothing more than overkill. Try to word your title and capture the reader's attention quickly and make them want to know more about your information and your opinion on a particular subject matter.
The title is the first and sometimes the last thing your reader even remembers about your article so it must be powerful and compelling. You want your reader to be smitten to read more about what's in your writing. You must create a suspense that can be answered in a few short sentences in your writings not a lengthy autobiography. You must spark an interest and maintain their attention quickly or the reader will simply click off your information and go to their next item of interest.
Not only is it important to capture the reader's attention but it imperative to get the attention of the search engines so your page will be ranked high when a user queries your particular subject matter. Your goal in writing is to get the search engines and users alike to look for your information. This is done by writing good keyword rich relevant content and posting your opportunity correctly online. By writing with about a 3 to 5% keyword to content ratio you will fulfill the needs of the search engines and the user without appearing to be spamming either of them. If you need help with this process, contact an optimization specialist and learn to do it correctly. Avoid spam at all cost you'll be glad you did.
Writing for success on the internet is much different than writing a book. Keep you paragraphs short and concise. Forget all hype, smoke and mirrors and tell it just like it is.
Make it simple for your readers to scan read if possible. Many online readers will merely scan the article to see if there is something they need to look at closer. Make it simple for them to catch the high points of your story and make it appealing enough for them to come back and read your article in more detail. Writing in small chunks will make it easier for all of your readers to follow and understand what you're trying to convey in your writing.
Having the last paragraph of your article as the conclusion paragraph is an excellent way to have a quick summary for this type of reading audience. This will also indelibly burn the subject matter of your writing into the minds of your average reader. Make it short and sweet covering the high points of your article and don't make it appear your re-writing the article.
Writing is a process that must be learned, developed and practiced on a regular basis. Since the internet is all about information, this is a natural way to promote your product or service for the world to see. You might want to consider adding your own article directory into your own marketing system.
The eBiz Solutions Team is standing by to assist you in adding your own personal article directory in your system today. Call us for your free 30 minute "no obligation" consultation.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/writing-for-the-user-and-the-search-engines-2851398.html#ixzz0u5RheKSi
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Liaocheng in Shandong specialized in the production inland ships
Liaocheng Xin Hang Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., formerly known as Liaocheng Xin Shanghai Ship Parts Manufacturing Co., Ltd., founded in 1997, is a marine seal and rudder parts of professional manufacturing facility.
The company covers an area of 7,000 square meters, its building area of 4,000 square meters, has fixed assets of 300 million yuan, mainly more than 30 sets of production equipment. Company's existing staff of 65 people, all kinds of engineering and technical personnel 18 people, among them, senior technical titles eight people, junior titles 10. Company's advanced production equipment, strong technical force, complete testing methods is the country's two qualifying units of measurement. Equipped with technology, quality control department, production department, marketing department, supply department, Finance Department, test center and other departments, the main products are various types of marine stern shaft seal, bearing on the rudder and lower rudder bearing, white alloy bearings, rubber bearings, intermediate bearings, storage compartment such as stuffing, and pipe joints.
The company produces a variety of accessories have been shipped more than 500 sets made in the major domestic shipyards are widely used, has been generally well received and recognized the user to achieve zero complaint of the serious problems of quality. Shanghai Ship Design Institute, 701, 708 so and the Yangtze River ship design institute of the company's products to give a positive recommendation, and to help make improvements designed to make use of the product performance continued to improve. Proved through practice, I produced the stern shaft seal device can withstand a variety of eccentric shaft vibration and stern generated by alternating load reached the international advanced level. 2003, the company has a one-time investment 60 million yuan, the introduction of SMA-II-type built-in flow-type water lubricated stern shaft seal. The device is in line with national military standard GJB2479 - 95, and has made "BV" Factory form of a certificate for my company's products into the international market and create the conditions.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/liaocheng-in-shandong-specialized-in-the-production-inland-ships-2851543.html#ixzz0u5RVxX5Z
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
The company covers an area of 7,000 square meters, its building area of 4,000 square meters, has fixed assets of 300 million yuan, mainly more than 30 sets of production equipment. Company's existing staff of 65 people, all kinds of engineering and technical personnel 18 people, among them, senior technical titles eight people, junior titles 10. Company's advanced production equipment, strong technical force, complete testing methods is the country's two qualifying units of measurement. Equipped with technology, quality control department, production department, marketing department, supply department, Finance Department, test center and other departments, the main products are various types of marine stern shaft seal, bearing on the rudder and lower rudder bearing, white alloy bearings, rubber bearings, intermediate bearings, storage compartment such as stuffing, and pipe joints.
The company produces a variety of accessories have been shipped more than 500 sets made in the major domestic shipyards are widely used, has been generally well received and recognized the user to achieve zero complaint of the serious problems of quality. Shanghai Ship Design Institute, 701, 708 so and the Yangtze River ship design institute of the company's products to give a positive recommendation, and to help make improvements designed to make use of the product performance continued to improve. Proved through practice, I produced the stern shaft seal device can withstand a variety of eccentric shaft vibration and stern generated by alternating load reached the international advanced level. 2003, the company has a one-time investment 60 million yuan, the introduction of SMA-II-type built-in flow-type water lubricated stern shaft seal. The device is in line with national military standard GJB2479 - 95, and has made "BV" Factory form of a certificate for my company's products into the international market and create the conditions.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/liaocheng-in-shandong-specialized-in-the-production-inland-ships-2851543.html#ixzz0u5RVxX5Z
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
Writing for the User and the Search Engines!
Writing is something many of us really don't enjoy and most of us don't think we can write worth a hoot anyway. Writing the latest best seller novel isn't something that is regarded as one of our top priorities of doing today either. However, writing can become your next best friend especially if you're in business on the internet. Writing doesn't come natural for most of us and is an art and science that must be learned. The internet is all about information and writing is one way you can get your message to the masses who may be interested in your products or services.
When I'm helping people online become successful marketers one of the most important things I stress to my students is they must learn to write. How do you do that without having to go back to college and take a class in writing? I tell all my students "you learn to write by writing." If you write from the heart and write like you talk your message will be heard loud and clear by your readers.
Your writings whether in an email, copy in your website or an information article, put your thoughts in simple and plain language that readers will feel comfortable reading. Forget the big fancy words that many writers use trying to impress their reading audience about how smart they think they are. Be straight forward, truthful and above all be passionate and well informed about your subject matter. Using language that is questionable and rambling will be a turnoff to most readers. Keep it short and simple, yet informative.
Keep your writings to a reading level that will reach the greatest number of readers. The average working individual is who you're going to be writing for. Those who are technical and think they know everything already probably won't be interested in your writings anyway. Writing information that is above the reading potential and comprehension is of absolutely no value to you or the reader.
Capturing your reader's attention should be accomplished early on in your writings. The title is important and must contain at least a couple of keywords about your opportunity. Short titles may not give your reading audience enough information to make a choice of whether to read more of your article or click off and go somewhere else. On the other hand having your title to long will be nothing more than overkill. Try to word your title and capture the reader's attention quickly and make them want to know more about your information and your opinion on a particular subject matter.
The title is the first and sometimes the last thing your reader even remembers about your article so it must be powerful and compelling. You want your reader to be smitten to read more about what's in your writing. You must create a suspense that can be answered in a few short sentences in your writings not a lengthy autobiography. You must spark an interest and maintain their attention quickly or the reader will simply click off your information and go to their next item of interest.
Not only is it important to capture the reader's attention but it imperative to get the attention of the search engines so your page will be ranked high when a user queries your particular subject matter. Your goal in writing is to get the search engines and users alike to look for your information. This is done by writing good keyword rich relevant content and posting your opportunity correctly online. By writing with about a 3 to 5% keyword to content ratio you will fulfill the needs of the search engines and the user without appearing to be spamming either of them. If you need help with this process, contact an optimization specialist and learn to do it correctly. Avoid spam at all cost you'll be glad you did.
Writing for success on the internet is much different than writing a book. Keep you paragraphs short and concise. Forget all hype, smoke and mirrors and tell it just like it is.
Make it simple for your readers to scan read if possible. Many online readers will merely scan the article to see if there is something they need to look at closer. Make it simple for them to catch the high points of your story and make it appealing enough for them to come back and read your article in more detail. Writing in small chunks will make it easier for all of your readers to follow and understand what you're trying to convey in your writing.
Having the last paragraph of your article as the conclusion paragraph is an excellent way to have a quick summary for this type of reading audience. This will also indelibly burn the subject matter of your writing into the minds of your average reader. Make it short and sweet covering the high points of your article and don't make it appear your re-writing the article.
Writing is a process that must be learned, developed and practiced on a regular basis. Since the internet is all about information, this is a natural way to promote your product or service for the world to see. You might want to consider adding your own article directory into your own marketing system.
The eBiz Solutions Team is standing by to assist you in adding your own personal article directory in your system today. Call us for your free 30 minute "no obligation" consultation.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/writing-for-the-user-and-the-search-engines-2851398.html#ixzz0u5R3l9SN
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution
When I'm helping people online become successful marketers one of the most important things I stress to my students is they must learn to write. How do you do that without having to go back to college and take a class in writing? I tell all my students "you learn to write by writing." If you write from the heart and write like you talk your message will be heard loud and clear by your readers.
Your writings whether in an email, copy in your website or an information article, put your thoughts in simple and plain language that readers will feel comfortable reading. Forget the big fancy words that many writers use trying to impress their reading audience about how smart they think they are. Be straight forward, truthful and above all be passionate and well informed about your subject matter. Using language that is questionable and rambling will be a turnoff to most readers. Keep it short and simple, yet informative.
Keep your writings to a reading level that will reach the greatest number of readers. The average working individual is who you're going to be writing for. Those who are technical and think they know everything already probably won't be interested in your writings anyway. Writing information that is above the reading potential and comprehension is of absolutely no value to you or the reader.
Capturing your reader's attention should be accomplished early on in your writings. The title is important and must contain at least a couple of keywords about your opportunity. Short titles may not give your reading audience enough information to make a choice of whether to read more of your article or click off and go somewhere else. On the other hand having your title to long will be nothing more than overkill. Try to word your title and capture the reader's attention quickly and make them want to know more about your information and your opinion on a particular subject matter.
The title is the first and sometimes the last thing your reader even remembers about your article so it must be powerful and compelling. You want your reader to be smitten to read more about what's in your writing. You must create a suspense that can be answered in a few short sentences in your writings not a lengthy autobiography. You must spark an interest and maintain their attention quickly or the reader will simply click off your information and go to their next item of interest.
Not only is it important to capture the reader's attention but it imperative to get the attention of the search engines so your page will be ranked high when a user queries your particular subject matter. Your goal in writing is to get the search engines and users alike to look for your information. This is done by writing good keyword rich relevant content and posting your opportunity correctly online. By writing with about a 3 to 5% keyword to content ratio you will fulfill the needs of the search engines and the user without appearing to be spamming either of them. If you need help with this process, contact an optimization specialist and learn to do it correctly. Avoid spam at all cost you'll be glad you did.
Writing for success on the internet is much different than writing a book. Keep you paragraphs short and concise. Forget all hype, smoke and mirrors and tell it just like it is.
Make it simple for your readers to scan read if possible. Many online readers will merely scan the article to see if there is something they need to look at closer. Make it simple for them to catch the high points of your story and make it appealing enough for them to come back and read your article in more detail. Writing in small chunks will make it easier for all of your readers to follow and understand what you're trying to convey in your writing.
Having the last paragraph of your article as the conclusion paragraph is an excellent way to have a quick summary for this type of reading audience. This will also indelibly burn the subject matter of your writing into the minds of your average reader. Make it short and sweet covering the high points of your article and don't make it appear your re-writing the article.
Writing is a process that must be learned, developed and practiced on a regular basis. Since the internet is all about information, this is a natural way to promote your product or service for the world to see. You might want to consider adding your own article directory into your own marketing system.
The eBiz Solutions Team is standing by to assist you in adding your own personal article directory in your system today. Call us for your free 30 minute "no obligation" consultation.
Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/business-ideas-articles/writing-for-the-user-and-the-search-engines-2851398.html#ixzz0u5R3l9SN
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